Protestant Movement and Catholic Reformation

Incorrect theory that councils of bishops, not the pope, hold supreme authority in the Church

conciliarism

Time period from 1378-1417 when multiple popes claimed power

Western Schism

a religious or political division or split

schism

When the popes lived in Avignon, France 1305-1377

Avignon Papacy

16th century religious movement begun by Martin Luther and other reformers which resulted in

the development of Protestantism Protestant Reformation

Began with the Council of Trent

Counter-Reformation (or Catholic Reformation)

A penalty for committing of a grave offense against the Catholic religion which excludes a member of the Church from the Eucharist and other Sacraments and from exercising any office or ministry in the Church

excommunication

Theory attributed to John Calvin that hold that all people are predestined for heaven or hell when they were made—individual choices do not affect their final outcome

Predestination

formation in the faith

catechesis

those who claimed to be pope falsely, lived in Avignon, France and in Pisa, Italy

Antipope

Teresa of Jesus (Avila) brought reform to her Carmelite monastery because

The nuns were noisy and not prayerful

St. Margaret Mary Alacoque and St. John Eudes are known for promoting which devotion?

Sacred Heart of Jesus

The following are ways that the Church responded to the Protestant Reformation at the Council of Trent (essay question)

Worked to establish seminaries, explained basic Church doctrine, encouraged missionary outreach, & issued rules to eliminate abuses within the Church.

Which saint is known for his WRITINGS against Calvin's teachings and brought many Protestants back into the Church?

St. Francis de Sales

Which of the following best explains Calvin's teaching of Double Predestination?

God decided when we were made if we would go to hell/heaven, our personal choices don't matter and we don't have any real part in our salvation.

Free will gives us the ability to

choose between right and wrong

The Church teaches that

the pope is the leader of the universal Church, Scripture and Tradition are one source of God's Divine Revelation, and faith and good works are necessary for salvation.

Why was Martin Luther excommunicated?

for rejecting Church teachings and continuing to preach error even after being corrected.

The following is true about King Henry the VIII

He defended the Church against Protestantism, named himself the head of the Catholic Church in England and killed those who opposed him, and began the English Reformation and created the Anglican church.

To __ a marriage is to declare that it is not a true marriage.

Annul

This saint helped Teresa of Avila reform the Carmelite Order.

John of the Cross

This saint founded the Congregation of the Mission to take the gospel to the poor and worked to educate and train the clergy.

Vincent de Paul

This saint founded the Jesuits.

Ignatius of Loyola

This saint wrote Introduction to the Devout Life and preached that we determine whether we go to Heaven or Hell by our actions.

Francis de Sales

This female Doctor of the Church convinced the Pope to return to Rome during the Avignon Papacy.

Catherine of Siena

This pope left Avignon and reestablished the papacy in Rome.

Pope Gregory XI

What was a major problem with ordaining priests quickly in order to replace those who had died during the bubonic plague?

Many priests were poorly equipped to teach the faith and having poorly educated priests resulted in poorly catechized lay people.

How many people died of the plague in Europe

1 out of 3, so 1/3 of the population

The Protestant Reformation began with

When Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church

The Church responded to the Protestant Reformation with the Council of

Trent

The following were a result of the Western Schism

The belief in the heresy of conciliarism, confusion as to who was the true pope, & a lost of trust in the papacy.

During the Western Schism, the true pope could be found in

Rome

The Council of Constance and the unanimous election of Pope Martin V ended this event, also known as the Papal Schism.

Western Schism

This King of France "convinced" the pope to live in France.

Philip the Fair aka Philip IV

Who appeared to St. Joan of Arc?

St. Michael, St. Margaret, and St. Catherine of Alexandria

How many times was St. Joan of Arc's body burned?

3

Was for Switzerland what Luther was for Germany.

Huldrych Zwingli

Est. the Church of England in 1559 and persecuted Catholics

Queen Elizabeth I

Didn't have issues with Catholic doctrine...it was the authority of the Pope.

Henry VIII

was constantly in fear for his soul's salvation, and suffered with scruples so he created errors to help put his mind at ease

Martin Luther

In addition to restating and clarifying our beliefs, what 3 things did the council of Trent do as part of the reform--LIST THEM

1. Reformed Religious Life

2. 2.Established Seminaries

3. 3.Missionary focus

The Avignon Papacy ended when

Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome.

Explain the Avignon Papacy in terms of what it was and why the popes lived there.

King Philip IV of France kidnapped and beat up Pope Benedict VIII (and he died of his wounds). Then the Church elected a French pope, Clement V, to try to appease Philip. Clement V, fearing for his life, leaves Rome and moves into Avignon, which was a territory under the rule of the Pope, but technically in France. His successors lived there for some time out of fear and also because of the fighting going on in Italy and in France.

What is another name for the Avignon Papacy

"Babylonian Captivity" of the papacy since they were not completely there of their own free will.

What were Martin Luther's 3 "Solas"

Sola Fide (faith alone--good works don't help us get to heaven), Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone is what guides us--not Tradition (that gave us Scripture) nor the Magisterium), Sola Gratia (grace alone, not merit)