History: Chapter 5 Review

What did the Federalists believe in?

strong federal government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, National Bank, stay out of European affairs, economy that helped trade and industry, rule by the wealthy/educated/merchants (Alexander Hamilton)

What did the Democratic-Republicans believe in?

strong state and local government, strict interpretation of the Constitution, state banks, pro-France, economy that favored agriculture, rule by common people (Thomas Jefferson)

precedents set by George Washington

created a cabinet, Mr. President, sent the U.S. militia to put down a rebellion, stepped down after 2 terms of office, Proclamation of Neutrality, "...so help me God" at the end of his presidential oath

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Jay's Treaty (1794)

John Jay negotiated a treaty with Britain. Under Jay's Treaty, the British agreed to give up their forts in the Northwest Territory. It also allowed the British to continue their fur trade on the American side of the U.S.-Canadian border.

Pinckney's Treaty (1795)

Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain. Spain gave up its claims to the land east of the Mississippi River (except Florida). Spain also agreed to open the Mississippi River to American traffic and to allow American traders to use the port of New Orleans. This treaty paved the way for American expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

Under the leadership of Little Turtle, a chieftain of the Miami people, Native Americans defeated American troops as they fought for control of what would become Ohio. But in 1794 American general Anthony Wayne defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. This defeat ended Native American resistance in Ohio.

Washington's Farewell Address, 1796

warned against permanent foreign alliances and political parties, called for unity of the country, established precedent of two-term presidency

Thomas Jefferson presidency

pro-France, President who cut taxes, reduced army, reduced debt; Judicial troubles; Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark; Embargo Act.

Elastic Clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.

Sacajawea

Native American woman who served as a guide an interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition

Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806)

Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new land acquired through the Louisiana Purchase. The team traveled more than two years from St. Louis to present-day Oregon and back. Lewis and Clark kept a journal of their explorations. The Lewis and Clark expedition showed that people could travel across the continent. It paved the way for even greater settlement of the West.

Aaron Burr

Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

The War of 1812

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France, Napoleon was dominating everything but the British, accomplished NOTHING

Embargo Act of 1807

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

impressement of sailors

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Tecumseh and the Prophet

A Shawnee chief and his half-brother that sought to unite several tribes in Ohio and the Indiana territory against American settlers. Their deaths ended the hope of an Indian confederacy.

Francis S. Key

He composed "The Star-Spangled Banner" after witnessing the English attack on Fort McHenry in 1814. This became the US national anthem.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to take over British land in North America and expand.

Results of the War of 1812

The U.S. gained national pride from victories at New Orleans and at sea. The British recognized U.S. boundaries and stayed out of the Northwest Territory. American industry prospered making more goods at home. The Federalist Party diminished.

Washington's Cabinet Members

Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph

Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton

founding father of the United States, who fought in the American Revolutionary War, helped draft the Constitution, and served as the first secretary of the treasury, was the founder and chief architect of the American financial system

Secretary of War: Henry Knox

leading the expedition to transfer sixty tons of captured British cannon from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston, directing Washington's famous Delaware River crossing, and taking charge of the placement of the artillery at Yorktown

Protective Tariff of 1816

Congress placed a tax on goods imported from Europe. This tax brought in a great amount of revenue for the federal government.

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams; made it harder for immigrants to become citizens; allowed the president to deport or jail any undesirable alien; set fines and jail terms for anyone expressing opinions against the government

Election of 1800 (Revolution of 1800)

Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams in a peaceful transition of power.Let to the 12th amendment passed in which each elector must cast distinct votes for President and Vice President, instead of two votes for President.

Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Famous battle the occurred AFTER the War of 1812 is finished ironically. The battle that made Andrew Jackson a war hero- he was able to bring together Americans and inspire them to fight the British.

Causes of the War of 1812

impressments of U.S. Sailors, British attempting to restrict US trade, shipping interference, British supported American Indian resistance against Americans

precedent

something done or said that can be used as an example or rule to be followed in the future

Francis S. Key

He composed "The Star-Spangled Banner" after witnessing the English attack on Fort McHenry in 1814. This became the US national anthem.

Andrew Jackson

Led the Battle of New Orleans and gained recognition as a war hero

Washington

a Federalist, took office in 1789, natural choice after commanding the Revolution, willingly turned over power after two terms = huge precedence, had a deliberately diverse cabinet

The Judiciary act of 1789 did not

protect individual rights

Hamilton wanted an economy based on

commerce

first conflict under the U.S. Government was

The Whiskey Rebellion

Who won the election of 1800?

Thomas Jefferson

What did the delegates that were sent during the XYZ affair want to discuss with the France prime minister?

France seizing American ships, refusing to accept new president and left France forts in the western US

How much money did France bribe the US delegates during the XYZ affair?

$250,000

What anti-federalist was a huge supporter of nullification and was a vital part in the Kentucky Resolutions?

Thomas Jefferson

What is sectionalism?

the idea that people in voters certain areas of america will vote for the candidate from the same area

During Madison’s presidency, George Washington ___ ?

passed away

Little Turtle and Miami Confederacy

August 1795 Little Turtle signed the Treaty of Greenville, by which a loose confederacy of Indians ceded to the U.S. much of Ohio and parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, he advocated peace and succeeded in keeping the Miami Indians from joining the Shawnee Confederacy of Tecumseh

XYZ Affair

diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War, Pres. John Adams dispatched three ministers to France in 1797 to negotiate a commercial agreement to protect U.S. shipping.

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

condemned the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and claimed that because these acts overstepped federal authority under the Constitution

Why was Jefferson hesitant on buying the Louisiana territory?

didn’t know if it was constitutional

What caused the idea of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What election caused the 12th amendment to be passed?

1800

What did the 12th amendment declare?

2 separate ballots to be cast for President and Vice President

What was Sacagawea's role in the Lewis and Clark expedition?

the soldier’s guide and interpreter

Revolution of 1800

dramatic shift in govt. Ideology - a test of the Const., a democracy NEEDS to be able to do this, Hamilton influencing the election

controversial list of Jefferson

frequently engaged in human trafficking, a man against amalgamation but who had an affair for decades with a slave, an aristocrat, but one who believed in self government by the people

Marbury v. Madison

William Marbury had been appointed Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia, but his commission was not delivered. Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to compel the new Secretary of State, James Madison, to deliver the documents. Marbury, joined by three other similarly situated appointees, petitioned for a writ of mandamus compelling the delivery of the commissions.

Which British tactic inspired the U.S to pass an embargo on trade?

Impressment

Tecumsah’s plan for a Native American confederacy was successful. True or False?

false

Which of the following were the war hawks less concerned with?

world affairs

Whose presidency did the War of 1812 fall in?

James Madison

After what event was Washington a natural choice to be the first president?

American Revolution

Which president out of the first five, only was in office for one term and what years were they in office for?

Adams (1796 - 1800)

Why did the U.S ultimately decide to declare war on Britain?

The War Hawks were successful in their goal of having the country declare war on Britain, and there were three primary reasons why. The first was the British tactic of Impressment, where they would seize American ships and draft the men on them into their army. Also their fighting with France and decision to help the Natives in the NW sparked AM anger.

What are the four effects of the War of 1812?

Britain and France gained respect for the United States,

ws, the U.S manufacturing increases, and Native American resistance declines

Why did Jefferson convince Congress to declare an Embargo? Was it successful?

An embargo is a ban on exporting products to other countries. Jefferson wanted one to hurt France and

England so that they would be forced to honor American neutrality. This plan was ultimately unsucessful, as the U.S was hurt more by it than Britain was. They therefore decided to lift the ban to all.

What did the Treaty of Ghent accomplish?

Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the Northwest Territory, and both countries pledged to work toward ending the slave trade

What did the embargo of 1807 do?

closed U.S. ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain, stopped commerce