Database 1 Final Exam Review

Normalization

The process of decomposing a tables into smaller tables, to minimize data redundancy and improve data integrity

Functional Dependency

A relationship between two attributes, where the value of one attribute determines the value of another attribute

First Normal Form

A table is in this form if it has no repeating groups, and each attribute contains only atomic values

Second Normal Form

A table is in this form if it is in 1NF, and all non-key attributes are dependent of the entire primary key

Third Normal Form

A table is in this form if it is in 2NF, and all non-key sttributes are dependent only on the primary key

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

A table is in BCNF if for every functional dependency, the determinant is a candidate key.

Entity-Relationship (ER) Model

A graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other.

Entity

An object or concept that is represented in the database and has attributes

Relationship

The association between two or more entities.

Cardinality

The number of instances of one entity that can be related to the number of instances of another entity.

Normalization

The process of applying normalization rules to ensure that a database is structured correctly and efficiently.

Data Dictionary

A repository of information about the data in a database.

Subquery

A query that is nested inside another query.

Correlated Subquery

A subquery that is dependent on the outer query and is executed for each row returned by the outer query.

Aggregate Function

A function that performs a calculation on a set of values and returns a single value.

Group By Clause

A clause in a SQL statement that groups the results of a query by one or more columns.

Having Clause

A clause in a SQL statement that filters the results of a query based on a specified condition.

Join

A SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

Database

A collection of data that is organized in a specific way and can be accessed by various applications.

SQL

a programming language used for managing relational databases.

Table

set of related data organized in rows and columns.

Primary Key

A unique identifier for a row in a table.

Foreign Key

A field in one table that refers to the primary key of another table.

Index

A data structure that allows for faster searches and retrieval of data in a table.

Query

A request for data from one or more tables, using SQL statements.

View

A virtual table that displays data from one or more tables.

Trigger

A set of SQL statements that automatically execute in response to a specific event in a database.

Procedure

A pre-written set of SQL statements that can be executed repeatedly.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A set of SQL commands used to manipulate data in a database.

ACID

A set of properties that guarantee reliable processing of database transactions: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.