Microbiology - Exam 4

varicella zoster viral infection is what category of infection?

during the NETosis, neutrophils expel what to trap pathogens?

which is “not” a benefit of our microbiome?

these cells will cause allergic reactions in some individuals

the compound released by (mast cells) is a derivative of what amino acid?

what protein makes skin repel water?

when cells fuse to form one large multinucleated cell, it is called a ___?

Infants lack the ability to defend against what even using standard vaccination?

Virally infect cells can sometimes use fake versions of what to elude the immune system?

Which bacterial genus occupies the normal gut microbiome?

which cytokine is anti-inflammatory?

true or false: lactobacillus increases the pH of the vagina to block pathogen growth

which is *not* composed of a mucous membrane?

what organelle is used for movement of phlegm?

which type of receptor is composed of a constant and variable region?

true or false: inflammation is always caused by a pathogen

which is “not” a component of the MAC?

TLRs in endosomal lumen membranes detect what?

Lectin receptors for pathogens often detect what monosaccharide component of a polysaccharide?

this inflammasome is formed upon activation of what?

the interferon signaling cascade is most associated with what kind of infection?

which is “not” a mechanism for a bacterium to escape phagocytosis?

which yeast is pathogenic to immunocompromised individuals?

which cytokine induces apoptosis in neighboring cells?

which is a proinflammatory cytokine?

which is “not” a type of PRR?

which is “not” a form of activated macrophage?

giant cells are formed by fusion of what?

which is a form of inflammatory mediator?

during inflammation, blood vessels __ ?

chronic inflammation can be induced by what?

the presence of bacteria in the blood stream is called what?

effector proteins from a bacterium are injected through what system?

bacteria use what protein type to attach before colonization?

using the host cell’s actin cytoskeleton to induce endocytosis is called membrane ____?

the order or infectious disease progression begins with ___ and ends with __.

which immunoglobulin adheres to mucous membranes through secretion?

which complement protein is an opsonin?

which leukocyte is the first on the scene for an infection?

what is not a sign of the inflammation?

what do antibodies recognize?

B cells and T cells gather in clusters in the ___ of a lymphatic organ.

which is a form of antigen presenting cell?

true or false: central tolerance occurs in the spleen

what kind of pathogen uses the answer to the above question to evade the immune system?

this protein is used to sequester iron away from microbes:

which is an antimicrobial peptide produced by our cells?

what is the process of differentiating blood cells?

true or false: myeloid progenitors give rise to all blood cell types?

which is not an effect of interferon signaling?

what complement protein is a positive regulator of the pathway?

A ___ of a diseases would include pus, rash, and swelling.

if a staphylococcus aureus strain causes death faster than another strain, it has higher what?

what category of infection has a quick onset of symptoms and ultimately ends with loss of the virus from the host?

what category of infection persists with flare-ups of symptoms periodically?

what category of infection may have symptoms or not but continuously produces virus for the duration of life?

HIV is what category of infection?

which cells recognize MHC Class I molecules?

the first immunoglobulin produced in a primary immune response is what?

what cell type bears CD4 receptors?

what cell type bears CD8 receptors?

true or false: mutations in immunoglobulin genes are beneficial

lymphocytes are directly involved in what?

what immunoglobulin is present the least in serum?

which is “not“ an inflammation of the nervous system?

what cytokines induce fever?

which genus doesn’t hide within a host cell for protection?

some clostridium species that act as pathogens release botulinum and tetanospasmin toxins that cause what?

what toxin induces membrane pore formation killing the host cell?

what type of cell is tasked with killing a virally-infected host cell lacking MHCs on its surface

true or false: macrophages can shift between activated forms

which genus of bacteria is a normal skin resident?

B cells, macrophages, and erythrocytes are all differentiated from what?

which is not a granulocyte?

which is not a characteristic of an antibody?

the effector form of a B cell is what?

TLRs are an example of what?

programmed cell death that avoids inflammation is what?

the process of a leukocyte passing out of the blood vessel to the tissue is what?

an infected cut is what category?