US HISTORY TEST

1st Amendment

Grants freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, and the right to protest

2nd Amendment

Grants the right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

States that soldiers cannot take over a home during war or peace without the homeowners permission.

4th Amendment

Protects Americans from unreasonable and unlawful search and seizure of property

5th Amendment

An individual cannot be compelled by the government to provide incriminating information about themselves

("right to remain silent”)

6th Amendment

Provides a speedy and public trial by jury for those who are accused of a crime

7th Amendment

Gives the right to have civil cases to be heard by a jury

8th Amendment

Prevents those accused of suffering cruel and unusual punishment

9th Amendment

Makes clear that individuals have other fundamental rights

10th Amendment

Makes clear that each state with powers that are not specifically assigned to the nation’s government in the Constitution

Who favored the bill of rights?

Antifederalists - believed that the constitution was not enough to protect individual rights

Why did the Federalists not favor the bill of rights?

They believed the Constitution was enough to protect individual rights

What document did the Federalists favor?

Constitution

What document did the Anti-federalists favor?

Articles of Confederation

Federalists

wanted a STRONG central government and WEAK state governments

Antifederalists

wanted power in the STATES and not the CENTRAL government

Articles of Confederation

• established the first governmental structure unifying the 13 colonies that had fought in the American Revolution.

• This document created the structure for the confederation of these newly minted 13 states.

• Lasted 8 years before they were replaced by the Constitution

Shay’s Rebellion

Farmer revolt in Massachusetts over lawsuits for debts. goal was to prevent the trial and imprisonment of debt-ridden citizen

Where was the Constitutional Convention held?

Philadelphia, PA

Which group opposed the ratification of the Constitution?

Anti-federalists

Which of the following groups were not represented at the Constitutional Convention?

Women, Native americans, and African americans

Who has the power to declare war?

The legislative branch (Congress)

Under the Articles of Confederation, who had the most power?

State goverments

Principle which states the people are the only source of the government's power

Popular sovereignty

Introduces laws

Legislative

Declares laws unconstitutional

Judicial

Signs bills into law

Executive

Coins money

Legislative

Nominates Supreme Court justices

Executive

Declares war

Legislative

Vetoes bills

Executive

Interprets/Makes meaning of laws

Judicial

Serves as commander-in-chief of the army and navy

Executive

Issues a pardon

Executive

Overrides a presidential veto

legislatvie

Borrows money on behalf of the United States

Legislative

Makes treaties

Executive

Impeaches/Removes the president

Legislative

The Jersey plan

-FAVORED BY SMALLER STATES

-One house of congress / Unicameral, one vote regardless of the size of population

-Called for the three branches

the Virginia plan

-FAVORED BY BIGGER STATES

-Two houses of congress

-Representation based on population

- Created a stronger national government

The Great Compromise

An agreement that the large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where they would be fairly represented by creating two houses of Congress

What were some flaws the Articles of Confederation had?

• no national currency - meant that states made as much money as they wanted to pay off debt so some currency was worth less than other.

• Congress couldn't tax the states. This meant that there was no way to pay back soldiers after the war.

• Each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of size.

• There was no national court system or judicial branch.

Father(s) of the Constitution

James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton

STATE or FEDERAL

• who had the most power?

STATe governments

Who were some of the Federalists?

Benjamin Franklin,

Alexander Hamilton

John Jay

James Madison

George Washington

Who were some of the Anti-federalists?

John Hancock,

Patrick Henry

Richard Henry Lee

George Mason

Mercy Otis Warren

Checks and Balances

the separation of power in the government, which is ensured through the establishment of three different branches: the executive branch, the judicial branch, and the legislative branch.

What was the purpose of Checks and Balances?

to make sure no one branch would be able to control too much power