AP World History Unit 1 Terms

(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.

Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century.

a quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season.

legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins

a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

An Islamic Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China in the East. Fell apart in 750 CE due to internal tensions.

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Muslim could be a part of.

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Persian mathematician and cosmologist who inspired Copernican model of the solar system

Female Arabic poet who wrote The Principles of Sufism

A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject

a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control

In China, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the bureaucracy.

A religion that combines several traditions

a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line

closely followed Buddha's original teachings; oldest form of Buddhism

Also known as popular Buddhism, is allows people more ways to reach enlightenment and Bodhisattva can help you reach enlightenment.

Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society

Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.

The science and technology of metals

a valuable cloth, originally made only in China from threads spun by caterpillars called silkworms

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

The religious wars between Western Catholic Europe and the Islamic Turks over the holy lands in Jerusalem

Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord.

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half.

A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain

a palace and fortress built in Granada by the Muslims in the Middle Ages

the scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 BCE

A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining.

people of northern Nigeria formed these states; formed following the demise of the Songhay Empire & combined Muslim & pagan tradition

governmental power is spread among more than one person or group

elite, educated bureaucrats who ran the centralized gov't of China

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

A society ruled or controlled by women

A government controlled by religious leaders

The era in Japanese history from 794-1185, arts and writing flourished during this time, inspired by Chinese traditions

Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God

Movement that tried to erase the gap between Hinduism and Islam, focused on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity (monotheism), and appealed to women and lower classes

the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054

an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors

Hindu Kingdom in Western Indonesia, had a navy and prospered by charging fees for ships traveling between India and China

Southeast Asian Buddhist kingdom (1293-1520) centered on the island of Java., controlled sea routes

Also known as Angkor Kingdom. Situated near the Mekong River in SE Asia. Had a complex irrigation and drainage system that allowed it to flourish

a type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page

All life involves suffering; desire is the cause of suffering; elimination of desire brings an end to suffering; a disciplined life conducted life brings the elimination of desire.

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

The traditional religion of Japan

A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

A military general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name. Had all the power in feudal Japan

minority branch of Islam; belief that only a descendant of Ali (Muhammad's Cousin) can be caliph.

Muslims who believe in the successorship of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.

Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire