M5 - Medical Informatics

Health Informatics

is a study of the acquisition , storage, retrieval, and use of health care information and resource for the purpose of optimizing patient care.

1950's

Health informatics began in ____

1970s

when did health informatics become a field of study that included subject area such as DNA and Biological data.

DATA (Datum)

are base of the hierarchy and represent observations or symbols of differences in nature. Example: one number does not have meaning on its own.

INFORMATION

assigns meaning to data: Example: Four tires in a car.

KNOWLEDGE

an information that can be justified as being correct or true. Example: Three tires on a car suggest a car will not roll evenly.

WISDOM

use of knowledge (Critical Thinking) to make sound intelligent decisions. Example A car with three tires is dangerous to drive

Level 1

is a nonelectric data such as paper forms and handwritten notes.

Level 2

is unstructed, viewable electronic data such paper forms that have been scanned into a computer.

Level 3

is structured viawable electronic data electonically entered that cainnot be computed by other computer.

Level 4

is computable electronic data that can be computed by other computers.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

HIPAA

HIPAA

Its a Federal Law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge. is legislation providing data privacy and security for medical information (Accountability).

• ensure individuals are able to maintain health ensurance jobs (Portability).

The Health Information Tecnology for Economic and Clinical Health

HITECH

HITECH

is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) – an economic stimulus package introduced during the Obama administration.

Feb. 17, 2009

when was HITECH assigned into law

Five HITECH Act goals

Improve quality, safety, and efficiency; Engage patients in their care; Increase coordination of care; Improve the health status of the population; Ensure privacy and security.

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

ARRA

ARRA

• the purpose to this act was to promote the adoptation of meaningful use of MU of health information Technology.

Four Categories included under HITECH

1.Promotion of Health IT 2.Testing of Health IT 3.Grants and Loans Funding 4.Privacy

HITECH

Address privacy and security concerns associated with the electronic transmission of health information, partially through provisions that strengthen civil and criminal enforcement of HIPAA rules

BENEFITS of HITECH

-The information is stored and can retrived over and over without information loss. -Allow a number of key people to access information from anywhere, anytime. -Allows patients some access to their health record with the ability to contact physicians offices online prescription, appointments lab result and etc. -Patient data also can be shared with disease registries such as the center for disease control and prevention (CDC).

BARRIERS of HITECH

-Physician and Clinicians lack of -Health Informatics expert to train and teach with system. -Cost of Technology lack of data sharing standards across the nation. -Changes of workflow.

Hardware Software Data algorithms Searching and sorting of data.

IT Professional deal mostly with data and focus on technology associated with handling of data such as:

Conceptual Model

• Only relevant information is represented

• contain data such as temperature blood pressure, pulse and weight.

Computational Model

• Relevant information used to make comparison.

• would look to the relationship between those data and how computer manipulate the data.

Vocabulary

• its how the number can be given meaning, such as define a number or set of numbers as the patient acquisition number and associating it with a field within the conceptual model

Interoperability

• term used to describe the transmission of information and it must be consistent.

TRUE

" The source and the receiver of the information must be compatible so that all the information transmitted is correctly received"

Electronic Health Records

EHR

Computerized Medical Records

CMR

Electeronic Clinical Information System

ECIS

Computerized Patient Record

CPR

Readability Efficiency Productivity Quality of care Patient safety

EHR removed limitations:

Clinical Decision Support System

is a software designed to help clinicians make decisions by drawing from a large database to generate patient assessment.

Patient List and Registries

• Tracking patient information can be particularly important for patient who have progressive diseases such as heart disease, Cancer, and diabetes.

• Tracking vital signs electronically gives providers more accurate, consistent, comparative information.

• Electronic registries have been very effective in tracking patient whos in need of organ donation, leading to better matching and improving outcomes.

Electronic Calculation

• The calculation of potential risk, such as cardiovascular disease using defined parameters such as cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and hypertension.

• Calculator also available for determining creatinine clearance for kidney function before administering contrast media or medications harmful to compromised kidneys.

• Patient risk can be determined by entering diagnosis patient age and associated risk and choosing the large data base such as ERA (Elder Risk Assessment. )

EHR

A disadvantage of an ___ is the reduction of one-on-one interaction.