Chapter 9: Digestive System

Pertaining to the digestive tract

terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged

treatment of obesity

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

tube linking the pharynx and the stomach

medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

the digestive tube from the stomach to the anus

examination of the components of abdomen using and endoscope

instrument used for viewing abdominal contents

a substance in food required for normal physiologic function

the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body

one of a group on enzymes that breaks down starch

a single mass of a substance

the act of swallowing

removal of waste material from the digestive tract

protein that induces changes in other substances

enzyme that breaks down fat

to chew

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move along the digestive tract

group on enzymes that breaks down protein

dense, ivory like substance located under the enamel of a tooth

qualified practitioner in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex

hard substance covering a tooth

external opening of a cavity or canal

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and the soft palate

roof of the mouth

any small projection

the salivary gland beside the ear

the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth

secretion in the mouth from salivary glands

underneath the tongue

mobile muscle mass in the mouth; bears the taste buds

fleshy projection of the soft palate

painful small oral ulcers (canker sores)

bacterial deconstruction of teeth

tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw

inflammation of the gums

surgical removal of diseased gum tissue

bad odor/bad breath

around a tooth

specialist in periodontics

patch of abnormal tissue

purulent discharge

inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth

calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth

infection with candida albicans

difficulty swallowing

Vomit

vomiting of red blood

tube linking pharynx to the stomach

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

repair of a hernia

an opening through a structure

backwards flow

a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes closed

Dilated, tortuous vein

tooth

mouth

breath

intestine

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum 

the first part of the small intestine; approximately twelve finger breaths in lengths 

hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulated secretion and HCL and increases gastric motility 

the acid of gastric juice

makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen

sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes  

enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein 

exit area of the stomach

blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine

“upset stomach” epigastric pain, nausea, and gas

third portion of the small intestine

symptoms resulting from difficulty in digesting food 

segment of small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum 

relating to the stomach and duodenum

a hold through the wall of a structure 

relating to the abdominal cavity 

parasite that can affect the small intestine 

insoluble protein found in wheat, barley, and rye

dynamic of mechanical obstruction of the small intestine

the slippage of one part of the bowel inside another, causing obstruction 

fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum

steroids synthesized from cholesterol

bile pigment formed in the liver from hemoglobin

extensive fibrotic liver disease

the body’s principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscle 

pertaining to the liver

yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin 

body’s largest organ located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

pertaining to the foot

inflammation of the gallbladder

surgical removal of the gallbladder 

presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct 

condition of having bile stones

surgical removal of a gallstone

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into the bloodstream

a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts 

hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct 

receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile 

hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage 

pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells