Studied by 10 peopleCovalent bond
When two non metals react to share electrons and gain full outer shells
Simple molecular substance
small molecules where the atoms in the substance are joined together by strong covalent bonds and weak intermolecular forces
polymers
long chains made of repeated units (monomers)
giant covalent structures
huge numbers of non metal atoms bonded by covalent bonds
in simple molecular substances covalent bonds are…
extremely strong
in simple molecular substances, melting and boiling points are… due to…
Low, weak intermolecular forces
the more intermolecular forces a molecule has…
the stronger the attraction between molecules
most simple molecular structures exist in the…
gaseous state at room temperature
simple molecular substances dont…
conduct electricity
Giant covalent structures are normally arranged in…
regular repeating lattices
examples of giant covalent structures
diamond, graphite and silicone
giant covalent structures have…
high melting and boiling points
giant covalent structures do not…
conduct electricity apart from graphite
diamond and graphite are both made from…
carbon
allotrope
different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state
in diamond each carbon atom is covalently bonded to…
4 other carbon atoms
diamond is arranged in..
a regular 3d pattern
diamond is… and has a…
strong, high melting point
does diamond conduct electricity?
no as it has no free electrons/ions
In graphite each carbon atom is covalently bonded to…
3 other carbon atoms
in graphite atoms are arranged into…
hexagons
graphite has large flat sheets layered on top of each other, held together..
weakly as there are no covalent bonds between them- graphite is soft
graphite has a high…
melting point
each carbon atom in graphite has…
one delocalised electron contributed to a pool
graphite can conduct electricity due to…
the delocalised electrons
graphene
individual layers of graphite
what have scientists began to do with graphenes
make tubes out of them
fullerenes
tubes and spheres made from graphene
spheres out of graphene are used for…
transporting medicine around the body and industrial catalysts
buckminsterfullerene
C60
Note
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