Unit 2 flashcards (Atomic Theory)

The small particles which make up everything and anything.

particles inside the atom. (Smaller than atoms)

In the center of the atom. Contains 2 subatomic particles.

circles on the outside of the atom. Contains 1 subatomic particle.

Positively charged (+1 charge), subatomic particles. Weighs 1 amu. Found in the Nucleus.

Neutrally charged (0 charge), subatomic particles. Weighs 1 amu. Found in the nucleus

negatively charged (-1 charge), subatomic particles. Has a negligible mass. Found in the orbitals/ clouds.

atomic mass unit

so small we pretend it dosent exist

number of protons in an atom. Defining characteristic of all elements.

Number of protons and neutrons in an atom (Average number of all isotopes of an element)

Atoms that have the same atomic number,but different atomic masses. (The same element but different masses)

A mole, which is like a dozen in real life.

6.022x10²³

Realized that matter had to be made of particles, that could not be broken apart or destroyed. Created the particle model (Just a sphere representing the particle).

Used the plum pudding model and found that atoms were negatively charged. Thus finding electrons.

Used the gold foil experiment, and figured out there was space in the atom. Made the nuclear model, which showed a nucleus with electrons around it. Figured out protons as well as the nucleus.

Expanded off Rutherford using advanced psychics dealing with electromagnetic energy. Found the electron clouds. Made the planetary model which shows the nucleus and the orbitals which look like planet rings

Expanded off Bohr by making the model 3D. Shows the clouds as expanded balloons and spheres for the nucleus.

The larger, the less attractive force, and vise versa

The more there are, the greater the attractive force.

Elements or atoms with the wrong number of electrons. (Has a charge). When protons ≠ Electrons

Protons = Electrons. (Has no charge)

Atomic number or protons - Electrons

The ending for an element when it is an ion.

Oxygen as an ion

The color spectrum released by atoms, as the electrons lose energ. Unique for each atom.

give off colors like: Violet and blue. Have more energy

Give off colors like: Orange and Red. Have less energy.

When the electrons have more energy and jump up energy levels/ orbitals

When the electrons are back to their original orbitals

Particle of light

Electrons on the outside of the atom (farthest orbital/cloud)

Group on the periodic table with 1 Valence electrons

Group on the periodic table with 2 Valence electrons

Group on the periodic table with 3 Valence electrons

Group on the periodic table with 5 Valence electrons

Group on the periodic table with 8 Valence electrons

Groups on the periodic table that have a random amount of valence electrons.

Orbital that can hold 2 electrons

Orbital that can hold 6 electrons

Orbital that can hold 10 electrons

Orbital that can hold 14 electrons

Energy level with only orbital S

Energy level with orbitals S and P

Energy level with orbitals S, P, and d

Energy level with all orbitals S, P, d, and f.

1s¹

1s² 2s¹