Unit 7 APUSH test for tomorrow

• Nursing and Teaching jobs opened up for women in urban areas

• Some worked unskilled labor jobs and were paid much less than men for the same job

• Symbol of women’s liberation in the 1920s

• Wore short hair, drank, smoked and showed more skin than was conventional

• Sudden influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia after WWI

• Of course nativism ensued

• Effort to protect rights of natural born americans over immigrants

• Workers feared they would lose their jobs to immigrants who would work for lower wages

1. Limited immigration population to 3% or less

Restricted immigration further

• Part 2 of the Exoduster Movement

• Southern Black population migrated north for economic opportunity and to escape Jim Crow

1. Revival of the arts and intellectual pursuits of the migrated black population

1. Langston Hughes ,Claude McKay

1. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway

1. Urban protestants, Faith large enough to embrace a changing culture of gender roles and Darwin's evolution

• Rural protestants

• Much more rigid beliefs

• Believe every word of the Bible was to be taken literally

• In Tennessee it was illegal to teach Darwinism

• John Scopes did it anyway

• Entire country watched the trial unfold

• Scopes was convicted but conviction was overturned on a technicality

• Takeaway was that modernism had finally been proven over fundamentalism

1. Louis Armstrong ,Duke Ellington

• Farmers overproduced and owed a lot of money along with high tariffs

• Hawley Smoot tariff made it extremely difficult to sell its excess products

• Stock Market during the 20s was artificially high due to Buying on Margin or Speculation

• People borrowed money to buy these stocks

1. made it extremely difficult to sell its excess products

1. share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression.

• Because people had to foreclose on their homes, Hoovervilles popped up

• Named Hoovervilles as a slight at president Hoover whose laissez faire economic policy forbade government intervention in private business

• Won the election of 1932 in a landslide

• Opposite of Hoover

• Heavy governmental intervention

1. Government was going to take responsibility for the social and economic welfare of its citizens

• Relief for unemployed

• Recovery for businesses

• Reform of economic institutions

1. Employed americans to build federal infrastructure

1. Soil conservation and forestry

• Established a set of codes agreed upon by labor division and owners

• Shorter work hours, minimum wage, regulation of prices

1. Increased regulations in banks and limited liability for customers

1. Guaranteed people’s bank deposits with federal money

Regulate Stock Market

1. Safety net of income for workers over the age of 65

• The New Deal as a whole transformed the United States into a limited welfare state and seriously expanded the aims of modern American liberalism

• Sparked a big time constitutional debate

• Court packing debate

• This caused a major shift in party demographics

• Re alignment of work class people and ethnic minorities to the democratic party

power plants and controlled flooding

The expansion of one country’s political, economic, and military influence over another country

• Seward’s folly

• Johnson’s secretary of state William Seward purchased Alaska for 7.2 million

• Viewed as desolate icebox with no value until 1898 when gold was discovered

• FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER (argued that the closing of the frontier was a bad thing because it interfered with the ideals of manifest destiny)

• Expand access to raw materials

• Used social darwinism to justify imperialism for capital gain

• Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis

• Believed Protestant Americans had the duty to colonize other countries for ministry

1. Wrote any national power got they way by having a strong navy

• Self determination for nations

• Nation decides for itself who rules it and which laws were passed

• Evoked Washington’s farewell speech in which he warned against foreign entanglement

• Argued that the Constitution SHOULD follow the flag

Fought but failed to overthrow Spanish leadership

Actively promoting war fever in America by way of exaggeration (sensationalism)

1. Leaked letter from a Spanish diplomat speaking ill of President McKinley

1. Sinking of the Maine that caused the death of over 200 Americans

1. U.S. could intervene with force into Cuba if American economic system were threatened

a group that roosevelt recruited to help in the Cuban Revolt. They supposedly saved the day, but are apparently over hyped.

• Ceded the Philippines to the U.S. for 20 million

• U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam

• Cuba was independent

• Acquired in 1898 after Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown in 1893

• Almost exactly halfway between U.S. and Philippines

• China was overrun with European spheres of influence

• John Hay saw this as American opportunity in China dwindling

• Open door note offered open door trading between China and the U.S.

1. America wanted because it was a more direct route to China for trade

a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

• Taft’s policy shifted more economic than militaristic

• Private American investments in China and Latin America would produce greater stability than war

• Railroads in China

• Intervention in Nicaragua

1. Wilson’s “New Freedom” adopted a moral approach to foreign affairs

1. Many diverse groups with different agendas but all agreed society was deteriorating and government intervention was needed

1. derogatory term given to said journalists

- Wanted to highlight injustices in America

1. Exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry

1. Published a piece on Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company monopoly

• How the other Half Lives

• Photojournalist that published pictures of tenements of the poor

• Common goal of all of these was to shine the light on corruption in society

Secret voting so political bosses could not intimidate voters

Senators were no longer chosen by state legislatures, rather directly by the people

• American prohibition pushed for by women's groups such as the anti saloon league and the american temperance society

• forbade manufacture and sale of alcohol

• Women’s right to vote

• Initiative, Referendum, and Recall

1. Require legislators to consider a bill

1. Voters themselves could vote on adoption of laws

1. Removal of corrupt politicians before their term was complete

• Time saving method

• Thought this should be used in government to limit waste

• Niagra Movement led by W.E.B Dubois

• Group of black intellectuals to organize and plan protests

• NAACP

• Abolish all forms of segregation and expand education for black students

• Square Deal

• Worked for a square deal for both laborers and business owners

• Trust Buster

• Sherman Antitrust Act

• Busting up of monopolies

• Consumer protection

• Pure Food and Drug Act

• Meat Inspection Act

• Conservation of Natural Resources

• Dollar diplomacy

• Increased Economic Policy

• Moral approach to foreign affairs

• Tariff Reduction

• Banking Reform

Roosevelt's domestic policy based on three basic ideas: protection of the consumer, control of large corporations, and conservation of natural resources.

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Formation of Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

1. Britain Russia France

1. Germany Austria Hungary Italy

• Lusitania

• German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

1. Passenger ship that entered a German war zone and was sunk by a U boat

1. German note sent to Mexico to start a war with the United States and Germany would help them retain New Mexico and Arizona

• A formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I.

• American involvement tipped the entire war to the advantage of the allies

• Ended WWI

• Allies wanted Germany to suffer and pay for war but Wilson knew Europe needed a strong Germany

• Freedom of seas

• Self determining nations

• League of Nations

1. Country mobilized much of its economic, industrial, and social resources in order to win

1. Scientific management

Kept factories producing military supplies

Ensured food production was sufficient both overseas and on the homefront

1. Espionage and Sedition Acts

• Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917 & 1918)

• These two laws combined restricted civil liberties in the sense that it made it illegal to oppose the war, interfere with the draft, or even say anything disloyal about the war effort

• Espionage and Sedition Acts were upheld by the supreme court in the Schenck v. United States (1919)

• Federal government also sought to forbid publications that provided truths about the mortality of the Spanish Flu

1. Growing anti communist sentiment in the U.S. beginning in 1919

1. Fear and distrust of those from other countries

• J. Edgar Hoover tasked to gather information of “radicals”

• From November 1919 to January 1920 over 6000 people were arrested on limited criminal evidence

• Attributed heavily to Nativism

• National Origins Act and Emergency Quota Act

• Set number of acceptance for immigration extremely low

• Large southern black population migrated to the urban industrial centers of the north

• Escape Jim Crow Laws

• Poll taxes and literacy tests

• Finding Jobs

• Mass producer of automobiles, most notably the Model T

• Assembly Line

• Able to make automobiles affordable to most anyone

• Scientific Management

• Created efficiency in assembly line work

this helped create this consumer culture of the 1920s

1. helped advertisers tap into the subconscious of consumers

• Radio/Cinema

• Entertainment shows

• The Jazz Singer, first film to have synchronized music and sound, ending the silent film era

1. a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. Basically, America’s approach to avoiding WWII

ran on a campaign promise in 1920 with the slogan of “Return to Normalcy”

1. Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan from the election of 1920

1. raised tariffs, making more people buy domestic goods than foreign goods

1. form of isolationist policy in America; a pact signed in 63 states including the US, which tried to illegalize war. This was signed outside the League of Nations, thus it could not be enforced.

face of rising Fascist party in Italy

face of Fascist party in Germany