micro bio quiz 2

colonies grow together in squares

soil organism g(+)

long branching filaments

Phylum Actinobacteria & non-pathogenic

Source of many antibiotics so other bacteria don’t eat their food in the soil

Similar to fungi

Phytopathogen

Phylum Actinobacteria & pathogenic

Causes Dipitheria

Upper Respiratory

Rare because of vaccine

Produces toxins that inhibit protein synthesis

Phylum Actinobacteria

Acid Fast & Facultative Anaerobe

Causes chronic diseases:

• Tuberculosis

• Leprosy

Invades mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract

Inflamed lymph nodes

Has Lipid layer

Slow growing

peridontal disease/Cavities

Colonize in the mouth

Cause disease to plants

EX: Scabies- potato pathogen

Phylum Actinobacteria & anaerobic

used as probiotics

Numbers decline with age

Phylum Actinobacteria

Nitrogen-fixing- turns N into ammonia or nitrate so plants can use it

anaerobic

Live in intestine & oportunistic

Help break down food- part of fecal matter

Diverticulitis

Bacterial growth in pouches

Inflammation of colon

Phylum Bacteriodetes

Resistant to antibiotics

Breakdown macromolecules (Starches and Pectin)

Cant make their own ATP

Require presents of growing human cells

Phylum Clamidea

Common STD- curable with antibiotics

Leading cause of blindness (Trachomma)

Phylum Clamidea

Causes Pneumonia in parrots

Zoonosis

A disease that is normally found in animals but can be transmitted to humans

1. Elementary bodies- infectious and has spores

2. Taken up by phagocytes

3. Germinates into non-infectious reticular bodies

Photosynthetic & Aquatic

Oldest known Fossils

Blue/ Green algae causes blooms (overgrow) in lakes that are high in nutrients

A large and diverse group of bacteria

Phylum Firmicutes

Catalase positive

May produce endospores

converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

triple antibiotic

overuse can cause resistance

neomycin- prevents the bacterial synthesis

(BT) Plant Pest Control

GMO

Anthrax

Soil Organism

Biological Warfare use

Cutaneous- easy to treat w antibiotic

Pulmonary- flu-like and hard to treat

a toxin that targets the intestine

Food poisoning & Soil organism

2 types of food poisoning

Heat stable and liable

Can survive in high temps

Cells grow in food- even cooked

Causes vomiting

Enterotoxin

Toxin produce in the stomach after bacteria is ingested

No spores/ cant transmit

Bacillus

Listeriosis- Contamination of dairy products

• Grows intercellularly

Grows in high NaCl concentration (sweat)

harmless on the skin- can cause wound infections

off white/ yellow colonies

coagulates with blood plasma

Antibiotic resistance

on human skin

Biofilm present on plastic surfaces

• Cathaders and implants

Coagulace (-)

Encourages growth of certain bacteria and inhibits others

Chemical causes an observable change (color) as a reaction to pH change

Momitol (sugar) Salt Agar

Selective- only bacteria that survive in high salt concentrations can survive

Differential- momitol fermenting staphylococci (yellow acid)

spore-forming

obligate aneraobes

soil & intestines

spores go in open wound and release an exotoxin that blocks the release of NT

Leads to a continuous muscle contraction

• EX: lock jaw

Serious wounda cabn be treated w immunoglobulins

In CNS

Preformed anitbiotics

most potent toxin known

causes sickness- not infection & muscle paralysis

botulism

botox

In PNS

Caused by home canned food

gas gangrene & food poisoning

Spores go into places with pore circulation (feet)

Forms bubbles in tissues

Treated with amputation and hyperbolic O2 because theyre anaerobes

Largest Eucobacteria- can be seen with naked eye

Gut of surgeon fish

cows stomach

digest cellulose- with cellulase

Produces lactic acid- by fermentation of glucose

Makes yogurt and buttermilk

Normal Microflora- inhibits growth of pathogens

produces an acid to inhibit growth of yeast

Keeps a low pH

Can grow in mouth- the acid will cause cavities

prebiotic

produces amylase- digests starch

improves digestion and improves milk tolarance

Yogurt- Streptococcus gives it flavor

facultative anaerobe- can survive high temps

causes UTI’s

Resistant to antibiotic

non-hemolytic

nosocomial- hospital aquired

no spores, anaerobes, normal on animals

3 types

(GAS)

Strep Throat

Beta hemolytic

dipoloccus

pneumococcal pneumonia

alpha hemoplytic

non- pathogenic

S. Mutants- Cavities

Partial hemolysis of RBC(Some break down)

Produces green color

breakdown of hemoglobin (red color)

Causes clear zones around colonies

RBS break down

No hemolysis

lack cell wall

slow growth

Walking pneumonia

1/3 of all bacteria

4 groups based off of rRNA sequence

they escape from phagosomes and replicate in cytoplasm

carried by ticks

spotted fever (rash)

thypus (necrotic)- eats at tissue