Civil War/Reconstruction

Established the 36-30 line for future establishment of free and slave states to maintain balance in the Senate, crafted by Henry Clay

Protective tariff on imported finished goods, impacted South disproportionately. Led to idea of nullification

The idea that States have the right to nullify federal laws that they disagreed with, develops as a Southern concept showing regionalism.

Crafted by Henry Clay the gradually reduce the Tariff of Abominations over a period of 10 years

Began to reverse the effects of the Compromise of 1833, shows sectionalist divide over economics.

Cut tariff rates, resulting in more revenue due to increased trade (supported by Southern Democrats)

one strong president between Jackson and Lincoln. 4 main goals: re-establish independent treasury system, reduce tariffs, acquire Oregon country, acquire California and New Mexico from Mexico. Unbridled growth of country creates chaos.

Slavery can’t exist in land acquired from Mexico, passes twice in House (North Controlled) but fails in the Senate (50/50 balance of North and South), exemplifies lack of compromise

Response to chaos created by admission of new states. California admitted as a free state (permanently throwing off Slave vs. Free State balance in Senate). Abolished slave trade in District of Columbia. Territories in New Mexico and Utah formed and open to popular sovereignty. Stringent fugitive slave laws. Opposed by President Taylor, approved by vice-President Fil;more after Taylor’s death, splits Whig party along North and South lines.

Political doctrine that the people of federal territories should decide for themselves whether their territories would enter the Union as free or slave states.

Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe that portrays slavery as a cruel institution, causes international backlash to the horrors of slavery, South does not receive foreign aid in Civil War.

Landmark decision by the Supreme Court that held the US Constitution did not extend its rights or citizenship to Black Americans. The case was unheard by the Court because it ruled non-citizens cannot sue.

A series of violent confrontations in Kansas territory from 1854 to 1859 due to a political and ideological debate over if Kansas should join the Union as a Slave or Free State (would shift balance of power in Senate). Unofficial start to fighting of Cvil War

Repeals Missouri Compromise, adds the state of Nebraska to the Union as a Free state, Kansas open to popular sovereignty. Led to Bleeding Kansas

Senator Charles Sumner addresses Kansas issue, comments on Senator Andrew Butler and his devotion to slavery. The nephew of Andrew Butler, Preston Brooks beats Sumner on the Senate floor. Shows extreme tension between North and South

Abolitionist John Brown goes to a federal arsenal in Virginia with the intention of taking weapons and arming slaves to start an uprising. Captured and tried for treason/executed.

Proposed by Lincoln, only 10% of people in the South had to swear an oath of allegiance to the US in order for that state to be readmitted to the Union, very lenient

Congress’s response to Lincoln’s bill, proposed 50% must swear allegiance to the US, Johnson compromises making plan requiring only 10% must swear allegiance but excludes high-ranking and wealthy Confederates.

Abolished slavery (except as punishment for a crime), removed 3/5ths compromise allowing for the South to have increased political power once states were readmitted to Union. Exception for punishment of a crime loophole allowed black people to be exploited through the creation of Black Codes.

Provides a broad definition of citizenship, nullifying Dred Scott decision. Ratification of amendment required by Southern states to be readmitted to the Union. Excluded Native Americans because they governed themselves

Designed to regulate affairs of newly emancipated Black Americans, turn into Jim Crow laws

Gave many newly freed Black Americans the necessary skills and resources to gain and maintain economic stability (food, clothes, education). Was partially corrupt and would sometimes push newly emancipated into unfair sharecropping contracts.

Split South into 5 military districts patrolled by Northern soldiers. Southern states required to ratify the 14th Amendment and draft new state constitutions to ensure Black people were protected

1866 Civil Rights bill vetoed by President Johnson, Congress overruled veto, 14th Amendment passed due to concerns that Southern Congressmen may overturn Civil Rights Bill. Shows weak presidential leadership after Lincoln, Johnson impeached for violating tenure of office act.

An informal agreement between Republicans and Democrats to secure the Presidency for Rutherford B. Hayes (R) after the disputed election of 1876. Southern Democrat states got Northern troops removed from South in order to vote for Hayes. Recognized as legal end to Reconstruction