Bio final

Ph greater than 7/ Oven cleaner toothpaste bleach

pH less than 7

does not receive treatments

maintain internal conditions even through external changes

deliberately changed

basic unit of a chemical element

the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge.

M: small units P: many units joined together Ma: very large polymers

asking questions

hypothesis

experiment

data

conclusion

results

made up of cells

develop and grow

respond to environment

reproduce

stable environment

metabolism

Dna

change over time

different in the number of neutron in the nucleus

effected by temperature pH concentration

when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

the attraction between the same molecules causes molecules to be drawn together.

attraction of different molecules attracted to glass

slightly negative and positive allows to stick with other substances

formed by combination of two or more electrons

formed when the number of protons isn’t equal to the number of electrons

all the chemical processes in the body

that cannot be broken down distinguished by atomic number

when atoms share electrons

observed when the independent variable changes

two layers of lipid molecules called phospholipids

acts as a barrier to a passage of molecules and ions in and out of cells

both have ribosomes/protein, DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm

prokaryotic have ERE and don’t have mitochondria or nuclei. Eukaryotic have smaller ribosomes

cells building blocks

made up of cells

come from other living things

some substances can go through others cannot

to strongly charged or too big

forces material out of cell no energy

taking material into cell uses energy

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of a higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

the concentration of solutes equal to solutes inside cells

stays the same

higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration inside cells

cell strinks

lower concentration of solutes higher in cell

cell bursts

diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in membrane

random movement from area of high concentration to low

Animal and plant cells

Nucleus

milticelluar

bacteria

no nucleus

unicelluar

one unit of sugar Gluscose

have many monosaccharide units joined together Sharch

two sugars bonded Fructose, sucrose

many amino acids on a peptide bond

substance that increase the reaction without being consumed Enzymes

Atp: 3 phosphate groups

storing and transferring energy

in stroma

absorb CO2

Transferr NADP+ and ADP

Adsorb sunlight/H2O

produce Waste

in thylakoid

transfer electrons NADP-H and ATP

Energy from the sun is captured in a process called

+ is an empty truck

H is load of electrons

flattened sacs inside chloroplast

plants gather sun energy with light-absorbing molecules called

eat other living things

make own food

energy from the food we eat converted to a molecule

absorbs energy transferred to electrons

absorbs red and Blue reflect green

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

is 1000 calories

process that release energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

requiring oxygen

no oxygen

reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates.

the material or tissue a specific part of mitochondrion.

electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used

producing ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide

fermentation that breaks down sugars to produce energy in form of ATP does not need oxygen

supplies energy through Krebs cycle

group of ecosystems that have similar climate and communities

individuals/breed

earth

group

one species

is the study of interactions between interactions and their environment

community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

shows how the transfer of energy from the sun to producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer

a living organism that shapes its environment

plants, funigi, birds

a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment.

temperature, light, water

when sunlight is not available organisms use inorganic substances other than sunlight to make sugar and oxygen

Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere

make room for new animals by decaying dead plants and animals

any kind of green plant use energy to make food

providing energy to other organisms regulating pop growth

molecules that combine to form proteins

compounds that are fatty acids

store and transfer DNA

Monomer: nucleotide

building body tissue speed up chemical reactions

Monomer: Amino Acid

store energy hormones cell membrane

Glycerol Fatty acid

Quick energy-building molecules

Monomers: Monosaccharides

Polymer: polysaccharides

Cytoplasm

Mitocondria

Oxygen is required

Oxygen

pair of high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

used as the end electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration

input two ATP two NAD+ and one glucose

output is four ATP, two NADH two pyruvate molecules.

consumes pyruvate

output carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH and FADH

Glycolysis 2 ATP molecules Krebs cycle produces 2 32ATP electron