ANAT LEC Ch. 6 & 7 & 8

Axial skeleton & Longitudinal Axis consist of

There are _____ Bones in the Axial Skeleton

There are _____ Skull bones

Vertebral Column has _____ bones

Thoracic Cage has ____

Surrounds and protects the brain

Attachment for facial muscles

Consists of bones/cartilage that enclose nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

Paranasal Sinuses

• support head weight

• protects spinal cord

• maintains upright posture

Vertebral column is separated into

Articulates w/eh occipital condyles to support skull

Contain transverse coastal facets for articulation w/the ribs

The _____ is the Fused components of 5 sacral vertebrae

• Protects reproductive, digestive, & excretory organs

1. Protects Heart/Lungs/Thymus/Other in thoracic cavity

2. Attachment pt. for muscles in

   • breathing

   • Posture

   • Movement of pectoral girdle

There are _____ Pairs of Ribs

Sternum is divided into ____

Consists of Upper/Lower limbs & Girdles

Ca (Calcium) is essential for

Composed of SCAPULA & CLAVICLE

Consists of Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Hands bones

Consists of TWO Hip bones

The ____ Consists of

• Femur

• Patella

• Tibia

• Fibula

• Feet Bones

Junctions b/w 2+ Bones are ____

Joints are classified by their

1. Immovable joints - Synarthrosis

2. Slightly Moveable joints - Amphiarthrosis

3. Freely Moveable Joints - Diarthrosis

• Motion is limited

• bones are farther apart than at Synarthrosis

• Specialized for MOVEMENT (Freely moveable)

• Bony Surfaces, covered by ARTICULAR Cartilage

  • Bones don’t touch

  • Cartilage=shock absorber

  • reduces FRICTION within joint

• Usually at ENDS of LONG Bones

*Synovial Fluid = Nature’s DW-40 *

Planes of movement for ______

• Monoaxial: Movement in one plane (elbow, ankle)

• Biaxial: Movement in 2 planes (ribs, waist)

• Triaxial: Movement in 3 planes (shoulder, hip)

Synovial joint surrounded by a

Joint Capsule/Articular Capsule’s DENSE outer layer is

• Lubricates the joint

• Nutrient Distribution

• Shock Absorbtion

Movement based on relationship of movement from

Movement of the arm in relation to the shoulder

• Abduction/Adduction

• Flexion/Extension

Movement of arm/leg in a circle

Movement in the Anterior-Posterior plane that DECREASES the angle b/w the bones

In the same plane but INCREASES the angle b/w the bones

Movement AWAY from the LONGITUDINAL axis of body’s Frontal Plane

Moving back TOWARD the longitudinal Axis

Any movement where the limb is extended beyond normal limits

• Results in injury

• Prevented by: Ligaments, Tendons, Muscles that surround the joint

When limb rotates INWARD (toward anterior surface)

When limb rotates OUTWARD

When the hand faces away from the FRONTAL plane

When the hand is turned to face the ANTERIOR plane

• Synarthrotic joint (Immovable joint)

• B/w bones of skull

• Bones interlocked/bound

• Synarthrotic joint (Immovable joint)

• Binds teeth to bony sockets

• Fibrous connection is periodontal

• Amphiarthroses joint (Limited movement joint)

• FIBROUS

• Bones connected by ligament

• Ex. Distal joint b/w the tibia & fibula

• Amphiarthroses joint (Limited movement joint)

• CARTILAGINOUS

• Two bones connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage

• Ex. The joint connecting both Os Coxae