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Types of tissue:
Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
Tissues are made of
cells and extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix is made of
protein fibers, water, minerals, nutrients, waste products.
Epithelial cell types
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
What are squamous cells good for?
Exchange of gases, nutrients, waste products
Where are cuboidal cells found?
Lining the ducts of many glands
Where are columnar cells found?
lining the intestines
What cells can have microvilli?
Columnar
Epithelial Tissue function
protect, secretion, absorbtion
Connective tissue function
connection, support, protection, movement, transport, storage, heat production
Types of connective tissue
Fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood
Types of fibrous connective tissue cells
Fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes, mast cells, adipocytes
Types of fibrous connective tissue fibers
collagenous, reticular, elastic
Fibrous connective tissue contains
cells, fibers, ground substance
Types of fibrous connective tissue
Loose and dense
Types of loose fibrous connective tissue
areolar, reticular, adipose
Types of dense fibrous connective tissue
dense regular, dense irregular
Connective tissue immune cells:
Leukocytes (WBC)
large cells that produce the fibers and ground substance of fibrous connective tissue
fibroblasts
phagocytic cells that look for, engulf, and destroy bacteria and viruses in fibrous connect tissue
macrophages
Important part of immune system that monitors body for invasion and coordinates immune response in fibrous connective tissue
Leukocytes
found near blood vessels and produce factors that promote blood flow in inflamed tissues
Mast Cells
Collagenous fibers are made on
collagen
collagenous fibers found in
tendons and ligaments
reticular fibers are coated with
glycoproteins
reticular fibers are found in
some organs for structural support
Elastic tissue is found in
skin and lung tissue
Ground substance is made of
carbohydrates, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
many randomly oriented fibers (COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN). relatively few fibers, lots of ground substance
areolar
loosely arranged and tissue possesses many lymphocytes
reticular
Collagen fibers are densely packed and parallel to each other, very strong
Dense regular tissue
collagen fibers are densely packed but run in random directions. Allows tissue to absorb pressure and resist mechanical stress. Commonly found beneath skin and surrounding internal organs. Very little ground substance, very few visible cells, tightly packed collagen fibers are randomly arranged.
Dense irregular
Chondroblasts are found in
cartilage
cells of cartilage that secrete the matrix
chondroblasts
Cartilage Types
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage is surrounded by
perichondrium
Hyaline cartilage is a precursor to
osseous tissue
All bones are covered by fibrous tissue called
Periosteum
Types of osseous tissue
spongy (cancellous), and compact
Bone cells are called
Osteocytes
Osteocytes live in
lacunae
Haversian canal is in ( ) and holds ( )
osseous tissue, blood vessels and nerves
Fluid connective tissue:
Blood
Blood connective tissue functions
transport materials, protective immune function
Leukocytes are in
blood
The non-cellular ground substance in blood is called
plasma
Formed elements of blood:
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
Cells of blood responsible for transport of O2 and CO2
Erythrocytes (red blood cells) (no nucleus)
Nervous tissue is responsible for
carrying electrical signals (action potential)
Cells of nervous tissue
Neurons and glial cells (neuroglia)
Neuron Anatomy
Soma (body), Dendrites (receivers), Axon (senders)
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Muscle cells are designed to
contract when stimulated
Actin and Myosin parallel protein fibers cause striations on this muscle tissue, multi-nucleated:
skeletal
Cardiac muscle cells are called
myocytes
Myocytes (cardiac) are
striated, one-nuclear, have intercalated disks
Smooth muscle
do not have striations, one centered nucleus.
Types of cell junctions
Tight, junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
Gland types by secretion
serous, mucous, mixed, cytogenic
Modes of secretion
Merocrine - release via duct
Holocrine - release via cell disintegrating
Fibrocartilage can be found in
intervertebral discs
Which muscle tissue contains fibers with multiple nuclei?
Skeletal
Which of the following tissues is specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation?
Adipose
The reticular layer of the dermis consists of what kind of tissue?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Which tissue consists of short, branched cells with intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by
chondroblasts
_________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
Fibroblasts
Which tissues are excitable?
muscular and nervous
produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes
Goblet cells
Note
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