Studied by 11 peopleLaissez Faire
Economic policy of setting work conditions without interference by the government
French economic philosophers thought this would allow economy to prosper
Capitalism
Economic system where money is invested in business ventures for profit
Unionism
The union spoke for worker rights
Urbanization
moving people to cities
What would an entrepreneur build their factory near?
An energy source, usually water
What did newer cities lack?
Sanitary codes & building codes
- this led to widespread sickness
What shortened the lifespan of coal workers?
Frequent accidents, damp conditions & coal dust
Who made up the middle class?
wealthy skilled workers, professional business people, farmers
Who were Luddites
Protesters who smashed machines and attacked factories
- named after Ned Ludd, a (mythical) English worker
3 positive aspects of the industrial revolution
Created jobs
National wealth
Better standard of living
What did workers gradually win
better diets
Housing
Cheaper clothes
What were the negative aspects of the industrial revolution
Fewer jobs in rural areas
No sanitary/building codes
Long hours & dangerous conditions
Further class division
What was the industrial revolution
increased output of machine made goods
Where & when did the industrial revolution begin
18th century England
What was the enclosure movement?
Spread of farm fields enclosed in fences & hedges
landowners experimented & discovered more produce
Small farmers had to become tenant farmers of move to cities
Who created the seed drill?
Jethro Tull
What was the seed drill
Allowed farmers to plant more methodically
What increased the average weight of lambs
Farmers only allowed the best sheep to breed
What made England the home to the industrial revolution?
Natural resources
Good economy
Highly developed banking system
Political stability
Entrepreneurship + farmers in need of work
What increased the work a weaver could do in a day?
The Flying Shuttle
Who developed the steam engine
James Watt
Who created the steam boat
Robert Fulton
Who created the first railroad line
George Stephenson
What was the name of the first train and how fast did it go?
The Rocket- 24 mph
How did railroads revolutionize British life
Cheap transport → industrial growth
Railroad workers & miners → new jobs
Agriculture and fishing transport
Work travel made easier
How long did children work at factories
14-16+ hours, 7 days a week
What part of the children was often crushed in the machines
fingers
Which invention encouraged colonization
The maxim gun- the first continuous firing gun
The density of modern African cities led to an explosion of _____
Malaria
The Cape of Good Hope had the same ______ as Europe
latitude & climate
Dec. 16
The Battle of Blood River decimated the Zulu
What advantage did Africans have over Europeans
Immunity to illnesses unique to the tropics
Berlin Conference of 1884-85
14 European nations met to lay down rules of the division of Africa
1914- the only two free African countries
Liberia & Ethiopia
What were the major cash crops in Africa
Peanuts
Palm oil
Cocoa
Rubber
Which groups clashed over South Africa
Africans, British, and the Dutch
Who won the Boer war
The British won over the Boers for land & resources in Africa
What motivated Imperialism
Racism
Economics
Politics
Religion
Paternalism
The concept that you are talking care of people who can’t take care of themselves
Social Darwinism
The idea that some races are superior and should naturally succeed and “inferior“ races should die out (eugenics)
King Leopold
King of Belgium who cut off the hands of Africans who couldn’t produce enough rubber
Which British company took control of India
The East India Company
How did the East India Company take over India
The East India Company gained control as the Mughal Empire collapsed
They ruled with little interference from the British Gov.
Sepoy
An Indian soldier
Why was the Indian handloom textile industry almost put out of business?
Their goods were too expensive compared to machine-made British products and therefor weren’t purchased
Why did Sepoys revolt
They thought the new rifles were greased with beef & pork fat which they would have to bite, which went against Hindu & Muslim religion
Nationalism
A love for your country
Ram Mohun Roy
A modern-thinking, well-educated Indian who wanted India to move away from traditional ideas/practices
What was a major problem with water-powered factories?
Water was an unpredictable & unsustainable source, prone to flood and drought
How did James Watt’s steam engine work?
Coal Fire heats up Water
Steam leaves through a vent
Causes piston action
Pistons make things move
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What new needs arose in Europe for the industrial revolution
Coal- to heat water
Iron- to build machines
effects of rapid urbanization
cities growing faster than facilities
horrible work conditions
What made up the horrible work conditions
Unsafe factories
no worker protection (injuries w/ out compensation)
No minimum wage
Large profits not shared by workers
What was a result of cities growing faster than facilities
Pollution, no sewers, overcrowding, no police/fire dep.
Housing shortage
Gov. not able to serve growing needs
Imperialism
When one country takes control of another country
Interventionism
When one country intervenes in the affairs of another country
Isolationism
When a country isolates itself from the rest of the world
What did David Livingston look for in his travels?
He wanted to promote Christianity
What did Europeans feel was their “right and duty“?
To acquire territory and “produce“ more of the anglo-saxon race
Cecil Rhodes
Felt that the anglo-saxon race was the greatest race on earth
What was the goal of massionaries?
“civilize“ and “westernize“ people by introducing christianity
What technologies did Europe have?
Steam Trains
Railroads
Steam boats
The Maxim Gun
What internal factors allowed Europeans to “sweep through Africa”?
Africa was divided into groups that fought with each other
Amritsar massacre
Apr. 13, 1919
brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer blocked off the only exit to the Jallianwala Bagh and fired until their ammunition was exhausted
Estimates of casualties range from 379 to 1,500+ deaths and 1,200 other injuries
Note
Flashcard