Muscular System

originate on the axial skeleton

support the head and spinal cord

used in facial expressions, chewing and swallowing

involved in breathing and the support and protection of abdominal and pelvic organs

large muscle that covers the cranium

raises eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

circular muscle around the eye

closes the eye

circular muscle around the mouth

compresses and purses the lips

originate on the zygomatic bone and attach to the upper corner of the lip

raise the mouth or lip

large muscular sheet over the neck that attaches to the bottom lip

depresses the mandible

elevates the mandible

one of the main chewing muscles that are responsible for the strength of the bite

found on the jaw

elevates the mandible

one of the main chewing muscles that is responsible for the strength of the bite

found above the ear

move the mandible from side to side for chewing

found lower down

move the mandible side to side for chewing

found higher up

compresses cheeks and assists in mastication

found laterally to the lips

depresses the mandible

found underneath the mandible

elevate and depress the hyoid during swallowing or speech

one of two thick muscles running from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid and occipital bone

flexes the neck and turns the head obliquely to the opposite side

flexes the neck

either of two flat muscles that extend from the upper vertebrae to the base of the skull

extend the neck

originates from the sphenoid bone

involved in intorsion

moves the line of sight down and outward

originates from the orbital floor

extorts the eye

moves the line of sight up and outward

top of the eye

controls upward movement of the eye

medial side of eye

moves the eye inward

lateral side of the eye

moves the eye outward

bottom of the eye

moves the eye downward

one of the muscles that makes up the erector spinae

extends the vertebral column and bends it sideways

found above the transverse processes

one of the muscles that make up the erector spinae

extends the vertebral column and bends it sideways

above and lateral to the transverse process

one of the muscles that makes up the erector spinae

extends the vertebral column and bends it sideways

thin sheet that arises on the ilium and inserts on the ribs

responsible for local movements of the vertebral column and lateral bending

connects and stabilizes the vertebrae

can be called the intervertebral muscles

allow the trunk to twist side to side

found on each side of the rectus abdominis

flat muscle

stabilize the trunk and helps maintain internal abdominal pressure

deepest of the flat muscles

pair of muscles above the external obliques

allow the trunk to twist and turn

middle of the abdomen

hold internal organs in place and stabilize the body during movement

important for forced breathing

inhalation and exhalation

a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

functions in respiration, urination, defecation and childbirth

main breathing muscle

consists of three layers known as the pelvic diaphragm

controls urination, defecation and childbirth

supports the pelvic organs

erection and ejaculation

move the upper and lower limbs

stabilize the pectoral and pelvic girdle

either of two flat triangular muscles of the shoulder and upper back

involved in moving the shoulders and arms

origin is the occipital bone and vertebrae

insertion is the clavicle and scapula

large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint

serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the humerus

origin is the clavicle and scapula

insertion is the humerus

adducts and rotates the arm

origin at the ribs, sternum and clavicle

insertion at the humerus

flexion at the elbow

origin at the humerus

insertion at the ulna

flexion at the elbow

origin at the scapula

insertion at the radius

flexion at the elbow

origin at the humerus

insertion at the radius

pronation of the forearm

supination of the forearm

flexes the wrist

extends the wrist

group of four muscles that provide the range of motion for the shoulder

origin at the scapula

insertion at the humerus

extension at the elbow

origin at the humerus and scapula

insertion at the ulna

broad flat muscle on either side of the back

extends the humerus

origin at the vertebrae

insertion at the humerus

elevates and adducts the scapula

origin at the vertebrae

insertion at the scapula

consists of the psoas major and iliacus

flexes the thigh

muscle in the thigh (tailor muscle)

rotate and flex the leg

origin at the ilium

insertion at the tibia

one of the muscles that makes up the quadriceps and patellar ligament

extends the leg

origin at the ilium and femur

insertion at the tibia

spans the hip and knee joint

one of the muscles that make up the quadriceps and patellar ligament

extends the leg

origin at the ilium and femur

insertion at the tibia

largest quad muscle found on the outside of the thigh

one of the muscles that makes up the quadriceps and patellar ligament

extends the leg

origin at the ilium and femur

insertion at the tibia

middle of the thigh beneath the rectus femoris

one of the muscles that makes up the quadriceps and patellar ligament

extends the leg

origin at the ilium and femur

insertion at the tibia

smallest of the quad muscles that runs inside the thigh

flexes and adducts the thigh

origin at the pubis

insertion at the tibia

consists of the gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

extends and abducts the thigh

consists of the semitendinosus, biceps femoris and semimembranosus

flexes the lower leg

origin at the ischium

insertion at the fibula and tibia

abducts the thigh

stabilizes the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band

muscle in the back part of the leg

responsible for the plantar flexion of the foot

origin at the femur

insertion at the calcaneus

broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg under the gastrocnemius muscle

plantar flexes the foot

origin at the tibia and fibula

insertion at the calcaneus

dorsiflexes the foot

slides back and forth over the distal portion of the femur

movement

stabilization

heat generation

movement of substances

communication (facial expressions)

muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes

includes skeletal and cardiac muscle

voluntary muscles

striated

some subconscious control

one nerve, one artery and one or two veins

found only in the heart

involuntary

striated

single cells

consists of many cells joined together at intercalated discs

lacks striations

involuntary

urinary bladder, uterus, intestines

eye, circulatory vessels, respiratory tubes

actin and myosin not arranged in neat rows

spindle-shaped cell with one central nucleus

contractile myofilaments lie at a slightly oblique angle

bundles of fibers that make of muscle

make up fascicles

smaller fibers that make up each (cell)

make up myofibril

thin filament surrounding each end

make up myofibril

middle thick filament

fuse together to become myocytes

surrounds the sarcoplasm

basic unit of muscle contraction

each muscle has many

boundaries cause the striations

muscular heart wall

external force that opposed the force of the muscle

force of the muscle is greater than the load

load is greater than the force of the muscle

attachment to the more stationary element

attachment to more mobile element

origin at the cervical vertebrae

insertion at the scapula

entire muscle shortens by 30%

example is the sternocleidomastoid

narrow tendons at each end

exerts great force at each end

example is the bicep brachii

useful for closing an orifice

example is the orbicularis oculi

muscle fibers over broad area

come together at common attachment site

can pull in multiple directions

example is the pectoralis major

has one or more tendons running through the body of the muscle

contains more muscle fibers per unit area meaning it can generate more force

rectus femoris, deltoid

muscle that contracts during the movement

muscle that assists the agonist

muscle that opposes the actions of the agonist