Chapter 6: Civil Rights 

Personal rights of people to be treated without unconstitutional differences

Doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. Blacks constitutionally could be in separate facilities than whites

Laws classifying people by race or ethnicity are subject to strict scrutiny

Standard by which suspect classifications are judged

Segregation by law

Segregation by practice, not stemming from laws

Opposing unjust laws by peacefully disobeying them

Making certain that people achieve the same result

Giving people an equal chance to succeed

Laws that require an institution to increase the number of minorities in its membership

Using race or sex to give preferential treatment

Abolished slavery

All persons born in the U.S. are citizens & are guaranteed equal protection of the laws - gave Black Americans citizenship

No denying the right to vote based on race - African Americans could vote

No denying the right to vote based on gender - women could vote

Eliminated the poll taxes to vote in national elections

Prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal

Outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting

The rights guaranteed by the Constitution apply equally to all persons regardless of their sex

Banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings