World Cultures 9.3-9.5 vocab review

Concentration Camps

a place where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution

Heinrich Himmler

individual Hitler entrusted to control all concentration camps throughout Europe

Ghettos

separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live

Crematoriums

a place used to burn corpses

Auschwitz

a group of three German concentration camps and extermination camps in southern Poland, built and operated during the Third Reich

Anne Frank

most well known Jewish survivor of the Holocaust because of the diary she kept

War Refugee Board

a US government agency established to assist people trying to escape persecution during WW2

Genocide

deliberate and systematic killing of people who belong to a particular racial, ethnic,or cultural group.

Total War

channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

Rationing

allowing each individual to have a fixed amount of something

Internment

confinement during wartime

“Rosie the Riveter”

symbol of Women’s participation in the war effort

Aircraft Carriers

ship that accommodates the taking off and landing of airplanes, and transports aircraft

Battle of Midway

naval battle fought between US and Japan in June 1942

General Bernard Montgomery

British commander of the 8th army in both Africa and Europe

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

US general of led forces in Europe during WW2

Armistice

agreement to end fighting in a war

Battle of Stalingrad

a brutal military campaign between Russia and Germany where the Russians were able to defeat the Germans, one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war

D-Day

code name for June 6, 1944, the day that Allied forces invaded France during WWII

Normandy

5 beaches in northern France where the invasion of D-Day took place

Battle of the Bulge

last major German offensive campaign in western Europe in WW2

Yalta Conference

meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin in February 1945 where the three leaders made agreements regarding the end of World War II

Self Determination

right of the people to freely choose their sovereignty

V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945, the day the Allies won WWII in Europe

Bataan Death March

during World War II, the forced march of Filipino and American prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military

Island Hopping

military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific against the Japanese

General Douglas MacArthur

American General who led the American forces in the Pacific against Japan

Kamikaze

Japanese pilot who undertook a suicide mission

Manhattan Project

code name for the project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII

Harry Truman

Harry Truman (1884–1972) was the vice president of the United States when Roosevelt died and became the 33rd president upon his death. After being in office for only a few months, Truman made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan.

Hiroshima/Nagasaki

city in Japan where the first atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945, Japanese city; on an island in its harbor, the Tokugawa shoguns in the 1600s permitted one or two Dutch ships to trade with Japan each year

Nuremberg Trials

series of war crimes trials held in Germany after WWII

United Nations

an international organization formed in 1945 at the end of World War II. Since then, its global role has expanded to include economic and social development, human rights, humanitarian aid, and international law.