Unit 6: Dynamic Development

the improvement to a country's standards

a progress in economic growth

improvement in people's standards of living

advances in the management and protection of the environment

the sum total of all the value of goods produced by the nation in a year measured in US dollars

GDP divided by population measured in US dollars

the total value of goods and services produced by a country per year and net income earned abroad measured in US dollars

GNI divided by population measured in US dollars

number of live babies born per thousand per year

number of deaths per thousand per year

average age a person can expect to live to

number of babies who die under 1 years old per thousand

percentage of adults who can read and write

calculated using life expectancy, education level, and income per head ranges from 0 to 1

calculated by dividing a country's life expectancy, well being and level of inequality by its environmental impact graded either green, amber, or red

the poorest in the world with the lowest GNI per capita there are low standards of living

based on primary industry not many goods are exported not enough money to spend on development

Afghanistan Somalia Mali Nepal

generally getting richer standards of living are improving

moving from primary to secondary industry high exports of manufactured goods more money to spend on development

Brazil Russia India China

the wealthiest countries in the world highest GNI per capita high standards of living

based on tertiary and quaternary industry lots of money to spend on services

UK USA France Canada Australia

poor climate few natural resources bad location lots of natural hazards

not much food will grow reduces food production leading to malnutrition less crops to sell so less income made

less to sell some countries may not have infrastructure to extract or transport raw materials

landlocked countries cannot easily transport goods

more expensive to import and export goods

cause deaths and injuries destroy property and posessions lots of money spent rebuilding after disasters occur

conflict debt disease and healthcare politics education trade tourism aid

money is spent on arms and fighting people are killed and the area is damaged money spent repairing infrastructure and property

money has to be paid back usually with interest any new money made is used to pay the debt back

people who are ill cannot work expensive medication or healthcare is needed

corrupt governments may take money used for services may prevent fair elections from happening comapnies and other countries unlikely to invest not many trade links made

produces a more skilled workforce so higher income country can produce more goods more services offered

when the cost of a country's exports exceeds the value of its imports

when the cost of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports

less profitable than exporting manufactured goods prices tend to fluctuate

more money entering the country so more income

can be spent on development projects however countries may only rely on aid and will not develop trade links

a model of economic development

describes a country's linear progression

occurs in five stages

traditional society farming, fishing and forestry based little trade

preconditions for takeoff manufacturing develops and infrastructure is built international trade begins

take off rapid growth and large scale industrialisation increasing wealth

drive to maturity economy grows so people get wealthier standards of living rise widespread use of technology

high mass consumption lots of trade and goods are mass-produced people are wealthy

eight goals adopted by the UN to address inequality in the international system with the objective to improve people's lives globally by 2015

goals created by the UN to build on the work accomplished via the MDGs by 2030

an organisation or government receives the aid and decides where it should be spent

money is given directly to local people

aid given to a foreign country with conditions attached

aid is sent to help countries cope with emergencies

country recovers faster money for development isn't used for the emergency

doesn't help with long-term recovery food aid may limit the price farmers can charge for their crops

aid is given over a long period to help countries develop

most projects aim to be sustainable most projects aim to improve life for lots of people most projects aim to build trade links

recipient country may only depend on aid aid can often be tied

the partial or total remission of debts not all of the money borrowed has to be paid back

frees up money that can be spent on development donor countries can specify how the cancelled debt should be spent

donor countries may be reluctant to cancel countries with corrupt governments money will not be used where it is needed

companies that are located in or produce and sell products in more than one country

poorer countries because labour is cheaper less environmental and labour regulations

richer countries more people with administrative skills