Digestive system

mode of nutrition in which organism depends upon other organism for food

alimentary track

accessory organs

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

salivary glands

liver

pancreas

gall bladder

food passes through it

aids in the process of digestion

hollow tube, that passes food mixed with saliva by peristalsis

temporary storage tank mixes food with acid (ph 1-2) by churning and mixing, begins protein digestion

long folded tube, responsible for digestion of lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and neutralises stomach acid

re-absorbs water, further digests carbohydrates, forms and stores feces

produce amylose which breaks down starch

produces bile, takes in raw materials to transform them into key chemicals

produce enzymes helping in digestion and absorption, releases hormones responsible for controlling blood level (insulin, glucagon)

stores and regulates bile

mechanical

physical

physical breakdown of food

break down of food by chemical enzymes

physically (contractions of the stomach) mixing of food with digestive juices

waves of contraction of circular or longitudinal muscle layers, occurring in one direction

contraction and relaxation, of non-adjecent segments of circular muscle, responsible for greater mixing with digestive juices

protective layer preventing damage done by stomach acid to the gastric sleeve

contains bile salts, which breakdown fat globolus into smaller droplets

process of breakdown of fat globolus into smaller droplets which allows for the higher surface area

biological catalysts

speeds up rate of reaction, by lowering activation energy

ingestion
digestion
absorption
assimilation
elimination

oral cavity

salivary glands
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

small intestine
large intestine
liver

small intestine
large intestine
liver

rectum

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

emulsification of fat globolus, fed digestive fluids

digestive process, breakdown of sugars, protein, lipids

nutrition absorption

serosa
muscle layer
submucosa
mucosa

protective layer, enforced by fiborus connective tissue

outerlayer of longitudinal muscle and inner circular muscle

peristalsis

segmentation

connective tissue separating muscle layer from internal mucosa

highly folded inner layer

finger- like folds in small intestine

microvilli

rich blood supply

singular epithelial layer

lactelas

intestine gland

membrane protein

further ruffling, which increases surface area

dense capilary network allows for faster absorption of products

minimalisation of diffusion distance between lumen and blood

the space within the tubes, tracts, cavities, and cells of the body

absorption of lipids into lymphatic system

release of digestive fluids

faciliation of transport of digested materials into epithelial cells

tight junctions
microvilli
mitochondria

pinocytosis vesicles

creation of association in plasma membrane of adjecent cells creating a barrier and concentration gradient

increasing the surface area, increasing the absorption

providing ATP for transport

uptake of fluids

active
passive

amylose

lactase

sucrase

proctease

nuclease

lipase

phospholipase

maltose

glucose, galactose

glucose, fructose

nucleotides

shorter polypeptides

fatty acids, glycerol or fatty acids, monoglycerides

fatty acids, phosphate, glycerol