Propaganda: information (often misleading) used to promote a particular political cause or point of view

proletariat: working class

allegory: a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral/political one

maxim: a short, pithy statement expressing a general truth or rule of conflict

idiom: a group of words that are used as a symbol to represent another meaning

anthropomorphism: where a non-human character behaves as a human

Old Major: represents Karl Marx, socialism, and the new world order

Napoleon: represents Stalin, turns socialism into communism and assumes dictatorship

Squealer: represents propaganda and the media

Snowball: represents Leon Trotsky, one of Stalin’s henchmen

Mollie: represents The Bourgeoisie, doesn’t want to be equal if it means living in poverty

Boxer: represents Proletariat, loyal to his country even through death

Benjamin: represents the intellectual elite, sees the problem but would rather complain about it rather than offer a solution

The Nine Dogs: represents the secret police

Moses: represents the church and the way communism exploits religion

At the beginning of chapter 6, Napoleon announces that the animals will now begin to work on Sundays as well. He claims that the work is voluntary, but if the animals do not “volunteer” to work on Sundays half of their food will be taken away.

Napoleon blames Snowball for the destruction of the windmill

Napoleon declares that Snowball should be put to death, and offers apples as a reward to whoever carries it out.

In Napoleon’s mission to scare the animals in submission to him, Napoleon slaughters pigs first. His motive is to make them believe that “if I’ll kill my own kind, imagine what I will do to you.”

After the mass slaughter, Squealer announces that the animals no longer need to sing “Beasts of England” because it symbolizes the rebellion, which is over.

The animals must refer to Napoleon as “our leader, comrade Napoleon.”

The animals confess to crimes they did not commit, because they would rather die quickly than slowly starve to death.

The human farmers destroy the windmill by blowing it up.

By the end of chapter 8, Napoleon has broken the 3rd and 5th commandment.

Before the age of retirement, Boxer wants to see the windmill finished.

For the new generation of little pigs, they’re not allowed to play with other baby animals, animals must stand aside when they walk by, and the pigs are allowed to wear green ribbons.

The spontaneous demonstration is when the animals have to stop what they are doing and march in Napoleon’s honor.

In the summer, Moses reappears and Napoleon gives him beer.

Napoleon tells the animals that he is sending Boxer to the hospital and then actually just sends him to a slaughterhouse.

Squealer tells the animals that the van they saw “used to” belong to the slaughterhouse and now belongs to the vet.

In chapter 10, Napoleon says that the luxuries that had been in the original plan for Animal Farm were not real animalism.

The animals change the maxim of “Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad” to “Four Legs Good, Two Legs Better”

The animals are now told to adopt the single commandment of “all animals are equal but some are more equal than others”

In chapter 1, man represents government

The pigs call Old Major’s system of thought animalism

The Animal Farm anthem is called Beasts of England

By the end of chapter 4, the pigs have broken one of Old Major’s rules by keeping Mr. Jones’ gun

In chapter 5, Napoleon and Snowball argue the most over the windmill

“All humans are enemies. All animals are comrades.” -Old Major

“…the only good human is a dead one.” -Snowball

“Bravery is not enough. Loyalty and obedience are more important.” -Squealer

Old Major uses emotional appeal to manipulate the crowd of animals by telling them that their kids are gonna die

Old Major calls the animals “comrades” because they’re seen as soldiers and banded together

The pigs say that if they do not keep all the milk and apples for themselves that there will not be enough food and then they will not be able to do work and then Jones will come back. This is usage of the slippery slope logical fallacy

Eventually, Mollie goes to England in order to keep her nice things

Napoleon raises and “educates” 9 dogs himself, and they become like his soldiers because he brainwashes them.