RELS 203 Jainism

________ is a unique ritual among world religions, where one fasts unto death as a form of restraint from all forms of violence to living beings.

________ means conqueror or spiritual victor who has conquered inner passions like desire and hatred.

________: Soul, which is completely individual, eternal and weighed down by karma, thus preventing its ascent to realms of bliss after death.

________ is regarded as a physical, material substance that adheres /bonds to jiva based on their actions (mental, verbal, physical)

________: A symbol in Jainism, with each arm symbolizing the four states of existence: heavenly beings, human beings, hellish beings, and the subhuman (plants and animals)

________ is the 24th and last Tirthankara in this age in this universe.

________: A ritual during which Jains repent for their sins and non- meritorious activities committed knowingly or inadvertently during their daily life through thought, speech or action.

________: Sky- clad sect of Jainism which focus on total nudity as clothing is seen as a form of attachment and therefore, women can not reach moksha.

________: A symbol in Jainism, with each arm symbolizing the four states of existence: heavenly beings, human beings, hellish beings, and the subhuman (plants and animals)

________: A holy period of four months from July to October, in which travel is curtailed and fasting is frequent.

________: The medium of motion that creates the condition for motion.

________: Nonviolence, to prevent new karma from accumulating.

Beginnings of Jainism: Not known, but possibly rooted in ________ before Aryan and Vedic age.

________: The first tirthankara of our current time cycle, also called Adinath.

Mahavira's original precepts for male disciples included nudity as a form of ascetic practice, but the ________ changed this doctrine to permit clothing and allow women to achieve liberation.

________: Hymn to the twenty- four Jinas, which destroys all sinful karma and of all holies is the most holy.

________: A place one goes after obtaining moksha.

________ in Karnataka, India, is an ancient Jain pilgrimage center with a 17- meter- high monolithic statue of Bahubali, said to be the largest in the world.

________: White- clad sect of Jainism which wear distinctive white garb, women are capable of moksha.

________: Promotes the idea of mutual assistance and peaceful coexistence of all beings.

________: Someone who is not afraid of death and who accepts it willingly and at ease.

________: A saviour who has succeeded in crossing over life's stream of rebirths and has made a path for others to follow through meditation and self- realization, each was born at a time when humanity needed a new vision of religion, also known as a Jina.

________ include meditation, idol worship, prostration, and reciting mantras.

Ardhamagadhi: A Middle Indian language used in ________ texts.

________ closely related to ahimsa and honesty is characteristic of Jain business people.

________: Scripture revered by the svetambara sect, which contains the life stories of the tirthankaras.

________: Liberated beings.

________: World /universe, which is without beginning or end and contains of the siddhashila of liberated jivas, the upper world of heavenly beings, the middle world of humans and animals, and the lower world of hellish beings.

________: Refers to doctrine about metaphysical truths that states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects.

The ________ was a movement in ancient India.

________: The medium of rest that creates the condition of rest.

________: Abode of the liberated soul.

________: Jain scriptures compiled during 1000 years between death of Mahavira and Valabhi Council in 5th C, CE.

________: Heat, asceticism, to eliminate the old karma.

________: Liberation, release from the cycle of rebirths.

________: The nineteenth female tirthankara.

________: The given name of Mahavira.

________: The writing of the lives of saints.

________: Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning "subsidiary texts.

________ involves no sexual activities or thoughts outside of marriage for laypeople and none at all for ascetics.

________: The twenty- third Tirthankara.

________ were ascetics who rejected the social hierarchy and caste system.

________: A festival marking the anniversary of Mahavira's liberation, which is celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of the same name.

________: The founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India who supported the Jain tradition.

________: A collection of scriptures revered by the svetambara sect consisting of the angas and the kalpa sutra.

Jainism founded by ________ in Patna, India around 599 BCE.

________ involves washing the image, offering sandalwood, flowers, and fruit, and reciting prayers of forgiveness.

________: Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning the limbs, thought to be lost by the digambara sect.

Spiritual leaders

Non-stealing

The medium of rest that creates the condition of rest

A collection of scriptures revered by the svetambara sect consisting of the angas and the kalpa sutra

Nonviolence, to prevent new karma from accumulating

Without soul

Space

Refers to doctrine about metaphysical truths that states that the ultimate truth and reality is complex and has multiple aspects

Scripture of the svetambara sect, meaning the limbs, thought to be lost by the digambara sect

Non-possession

A Middle Indian language used in Jain texts

Liberated beings

Inflow of karma

Not known, but possibly rooted in indigenous Indic culture before Aryan and Vedic age

Sexual purity

The founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India who supported the Jain tradition

A holy period of four months from July to October, in which travel is curtailed and fasting is frequent

Previously accumulated karma, which ripens and gives rise to attachment, which leads to the passions

Charity

Worship of tirthankaras

The medium of motion that creates the condition for motion

Sky-clad sect of Jainism which focus on total nudity as clothing is seen as a form of attachment and therefore, women cannot reach moksha

Long discourses of the Buddha

A festival marking the anniversary of Mahavira's liberation, which is celebrated at the same time as the Hindu festival of the same name

Conception of Mahavira, birth, renunciation, enlightenment, and final release

Ahimsa, achaurya, brahmacharya, satya, and aparigraha

Dharma, adharma, pudgala, akasha, and kala

Humans, with all five senses of touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing

Flies, senses are touch, taste, smell, and sight

Veneration of teachers

The writing of the lives of saints

Followers of the Jina

Tirthankaras

Soul, which is completely individual, eternal and weighed down by karma, thus preventing its ascent to realms of bliss after death

Time

Scripture revered by the svetambara sect, which contains the life stories of the tirthankaras

Four passions

Omniscience

Anger

Greed

World/universe, which is without beginning or end and contains of the siddhashila of liberated jivas, the upper world of heavenly beings, the middle world of humans and animals, and the lower world of hellish beings

Five great vows

Grand head anointing

The twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara, who became a follower of Parsva and renounced all his wealth, property and family to become an ascetic and achieved Kevala-Jnana

The nineteenth female tirthankara

Pride

Deceit

Liberation, release from the cycle of rebirths

Image

Hymn to the twenty-four Jinas, which destroys all sinful karma and of all holies is the most holy

One-sense jivas, microscopic organisms

Microscopic organisms and plants, only sense is touch