Chapter 9: Heat and States of Matter

________: A device that converts thermal energy into work.

________ causes the temperature of the liquid to decrease.

________ result when heated fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks.

________: the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of fluid from place to place.

________ usually are better thermal conductors than liquids or gases.

________: a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles.

________: The study of the relationship among thermal energy, heat, and work.

________: matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles and does not have a definite shape or volume.

________: The motion of the particles in matter.

________: a measure of how spread out, or dispersed, energy is.

A system is an open system if ________ across the boundary or if work is done across the boundary.

________: all events that occur cause the entropy of the universe to increase.

First ________: the increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the thermal energy transferred to the system.

________ is measured in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius, which is written as J / (kg °C)

When particles collide, ________ can be transferred from one particle to another and the direction of particle motion changes.

________ convert electrical energy to thermal energy.

________: A material in which thermal energy moves slowly.

A refrigerator does work on the coolant in order to transfer ________ from inside the refrigerator to the warmer air outside.

________: Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid.

________ occurs as liquid changes into a gas.

________ have a definite volume, but not a definite shape.

________: The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of some material by 1°C.

According to the ________, matter is composed of particles that are atoms, molecules, or ions that always are in random motion.

________: The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in an object.

________ always flows from a warmer to a cooler material.

The SI unit for temperature

The amount of energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point

This transfer of thermal energy between colliding particles

A material in which thermal energy is transferred easily

A material in which thermal energy moves slowly

the increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the thermal energy transferred to the system

States that it is impossible for thermal energy to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done

A device that converts thermal energy into work

all events that occur cause the entropy of the universe to increase