OPTION C: EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

a type of erosion that occurs when a transported material wears away at a surface over time

a type of erosion of rocks and pebbles knocking into each other and wearing down into sediment

isolated hill with steep, vertical sides and a small flat top

process of chemicals in rainwater changing the minerals in a rock

type of erosion of the earth’s surface caused by the transportation of materials (in rivers, glaciers, wind, gravitational movement)

slow downward movement of particles/soil on a slope

the transportation of sediment (carried by wind, water, ice).

irregular erosion, or occuring at varying rates. caused by different hardnesses and resistance in materials.

a mound of sand formed by wind

earth materials being worn away (and transported by natural processes)

a type of chemical weathering where the chemical bonds of a mineral are changed as it interacts with water

a type of physical weathering where a rock is repeatedly heated and cooled over daily cycles, breaking apart the grains.

a flat topped mountain or hill

the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water

processes that break apart rocks without changing their chemical composition

a rock which resembles a mushroom, formed by erosion and abrasion.

a type of physical weathering where salt crystals grow and expand in the cracks of rocks.

the bouncing of sand and pebbles at the bottom of river beds which are picked up and dropped by moving water.

a type of chemical weathering where water dissolves certain types of rocks.

a method od transporting very fine sediment in a river.

a low, dry valley/ravine that only carries water during rainy seasons.

a process of wearing/breaking down rocks while they are in place.

rocks containing clay materials expand when wet and contract when dry, this causes breaking and cracking.

as ice and glaciers move, they scrape the surrounding rock and pull away pieces.

a process of erosion where water fills a crack, freezes and expands, making the crack larger.

a zone peripheral to glaciers

a zone/area which undergoes seasonal freeze-thaw weathering

a region which receives less than 250 mm of rain each year

a region which receives between 250 and 500 mm of rain each year

a mass of glacial ice larger than 50,000 square kilometers

massive bodies of slowly moving ice

any ground that remains frozen for more than 2 years continuously

a biome with little to no treegrowth due to cold and windy temperatures. three types: alpine tundra, arctic tundra, and antarctic tundra.

a thin sharp crest which used to separate 2 glaciers

the result of glaciers moving in and scraping the sides of the land/rock

a side valley which enters a main valley at high elevation

bowl-shaped depressions that glaciers carve into mountains and valley sides at high elevations.

large rocks/boulders which are picked up by glaciers and dropped in foreign environments.

material deposited at the end of a glacier

material deposited on the sides of a glacier

material deposited between 2 glaciers (moving together)

a u-shaped valley forming from glacial erosion.

a lake which originated from a glacier/glacial activity.

a mountain feature formed from several cirques on all sides.

the uneven settling of the melted permafrost beneath the top layer of ice/snow, creating sinkholes and quarries.

a dome-shaped hill formed from a permafrost area when the pressure of freezing groundwater pushes up a layer of frozen ground.

when the soil freezes and stones rise to the surface, the finer sediment creates patterns/shapes.