Studied by 9 peopleWhen did Crispi resign?
1896
Why did Crispi resign?
Defeat in Adowa
When was the battle of Adowa
1st March 1896
Why did street demonstrations in 1896 start
high prices and food shortages
Where did the demonstrations begin?
the South
When did the demonstrations spread to the rest of the country
April 1896
Why did rioting begin?
The government attempted to arrest socialist newspaper sellers
How many people did the army kill in the riots?
200
Who was Giovanni Giolitti?
the dominant liberal politician from 1896-1915
Which bank printed money?
Banca Roma
How many soldiers were killed in the battle of Adowa?
5000
When was the Libyan war?
September 1911
How quickly were major Libyan ports and towns taken
3 weeks
When was universal male suffrage introduced?
1912
What led to a greater sense of Italian nationhood?
free primary eduction + national military service
When was Fiat founded?
1899
What was national income in 1895?
61 billion lire
What was national income in 1915?
92 billion lire
How much had foreign trade increased up to 1913
6x
Socialist criticism
working class being exploited
Wages low + hours very long
Sickness and pension pays were bad
money wasted on imperialism
liberalism had failed to deal with poverty
Nationalist criticism
Italy wasn’t a major force in Europe
Humiliating defeat in Ethiopia in 1896
500,000 emigrants per year - disgrace
liberalism caused bigger struggle between classes
state hadn’t crushed socialism
Liberalism hadn’t created a national spirit
Catholic criticisms
Hard to support a regime which ignored pope’s territorial rights in Rome in 1870
Liberal’s hadn’t helped catholic poverty
Giolitti hadn’t given enough money to southern provinces
Sicily - 0.01% of pop owned 50% of land
Believed liberals represented educated elite - didn’t care for most of Italy
What was Red Week?
Violent uprising that happened across Italy
Why did Red Week happen?
A general strike in Ancona on 7th June 1914 resulted in killing of 3 demonstrators by police.
How long was Ancona held for by rebels?
10 days
Where else did the rebellion occur?
Regions of Marche and Emilia- Romagna
Bologna
Ferrara
Ravenna
How many soldiers were need to restore the peace
100,000
How many soldiers retreated in the battle of Caporetto?
700,000
Who was the army’s commander in chief?
Cadorna
How many Italians were taken prisoner at the battle of Caporetto
300,000
Who killed himself after the defeat in Caporetto?
Senator Franchetti
How many Italian soldiers were wounded at the battle of Caporetto?
30,000
How many Italian soldiers were killed at the battle of Caporetto?
10,000
What happened during the retreat from Caporetto?
Violence between Italian soldiers, loss of weapons and the loss of the majority of the Veneto
Between 1870-1922 how many PMS were there?
29
How much of the South were illiterate?
87%
In 1913 how much of the votes did the PSI get?
20%
How much money had the Banca Roma illegally printed to lend to leading politicians such as Giolitti and Crispi?
60 million lire
When were there assassination attempts on the King and Crispi in the Milan riots?
1898
What were the Milan riots over?
Rising food prices
How many were killed in the Milan riots?
40
When was King Umberto assassinated?
1900
When did Giolitti nationalise railways?
1904
What did Giolitti do to help people?
Limited working day for women and children
Maternity fund
Outlawed employment of children under 12
When did Giolitti set up Supreme council of labour to advise on labour issues?
1902
Did Giolitti’s policy of non-intervention on strikes work?
Yes - 1904 strike collapsed after lack of intervention
How successful was Giolitti in absorbing the socialists?
Moderately - Some joined his coalition but most refused to join
As trade unions grew so did socialist militancy
How successful was Giolitti in absorbing the nationalists?
Very unsuccessful - they totally opposed him and between 1908-14 were too powerful to be absorbed
What was a consequence of the Libyan war?
Made nationalists very popular
How did Libyan war effect socialists?
They became very unpopular as they were seen as traitors
What did Universal male suffrage cause to collapse?
trasformismo
When was the outbreak of Red Week?
7th June 1914
In the South how much of the population owned 50% of the land?
0.01%
in 1871 how much of Italy’s population was involved in agriculture?
68%
When was Naples industrially developed?
1904
By 1911 how much of Italians lived in towns/cities?
56%
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