Studied by 2 peoplewhat do the male secrete in utero to differentiate to a male?
Anti-mullerian
Without antimullerian hormone, what develops?
fallopian tubes and uterus.
Which structure is analogous to the glans penis?
the corpus clitoris
Which structure is analogous to the labium minora?
the shaft of the penis
Which structure is analogous to the labium major?
The scrotum
What does lactobacillus acidophilus do in the genitourinary tract?
maintains an acidic pH in the vagina
What does the bulbourethral glad do?
Lubricates urethra for spermatozoa to pass through.
Where is the sperm produced?
Testis - more specifically in the seminiferous tubule
Where does the sperm fully mature and become motile?
Epididymus
What are the sertoli cells and what do they do?
they are support and structure cells that nuture spermatocytes
What are spermatogonium?
Stem cells that replicate constantly. They are off limits to the immune system.
Where are the leydig cells and what do they produce?
Testosterone
When does the sperm undergo protein synthesis?
fertilization. The DNA is not accessible until it gets together with the egg
Describe the process of spermatogenesis
Diploid cells (spermatagonia) have a daughter cell, is primary spermatocyte, undergoes meiosis, turns into secondary spermatocytes, then spermatids, then sperm cells.
In male reproduction, what does LH act on? FSH?
LH acts on leydig cells which release testosterone. FSH acts on Sertoli cells which release Androgen Binding protein to support sperm.
What does Androgen binding protein do to testosterone?
It makes it more hydrophilic which allows it to be present in higher concentrations
Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?
testosterone.
What releases GnRH?
Hypothalamus
What releases FSH and LH?
Anterior pituitary
What does the bartholins gland do?
Lubricate labia minorum
What does the skenes duct do?
It is the female version of the prostate - produces fluid
The leydig cells are similar to _____ cells in the female
theca
What do the leydig and theca cells produce?
Androgens
Whats the difference between the primordial/Primary follicles and the secondary follicle?
the secondary follicle is a mature follicle that has multiple layers.
The sertoli cells in the male are similar to the ______ cells in the female.
Granulosa
In the development of the ovarian follicle, what produces progesterone in response to fertilization
corpus luteum
What is the corpus albicans?
remnants up ruptured corpus luteum
These two types of cells respond to LH:
Leydig Cells and Thecal Cells
These two types of cells respond to FSH:
Sertoli Cells and granulosa cells.
Ovulation happens in response to high:
LH
what does FSH do and which phase of the mestrual cycle is it associated with?
FSH stimulates the follicle to grow and is associated with the follicular or proliferative phase
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is LH associated with and what can bind to its same receptors?
The luteal phase or secretory phase. HCG can bind to it's same receptor.
If fertilization occurs, what does HCG support
Corpus luteum
in cervical cancer, what do you see in the pap smear?
there is a large nucleus vs size of the cytoplasm
what does HPV 16, 18 do in cervical CA?
neutralize p53 and retinoblastoma (tumor suppressor genes)
What are leiomyomas?
uterine fibroids - small benign growths of uterine tissue, painful
What is the prognosis with endometrial cancer? What is the treatment and when do you see it?
Good prognosis, post menopausal, bleeding, uterus removal
Why is ovarian cancer the silent killer?
detection is late, there is usually bad prognosis, mets and associated with BRCA 1 mutation.
How is the LH and FSH in PCOS?
High LH and low FSH.
What is a teratoma?
dysfunctional germ cell that occurs in fetal development.
what is the feedback of estrogen normally and mid cycle?
Midcycle estrogen is positive feedback, other times it is negative.
which polymicrobial is responsible for syphillis?
treponema pallidum
Which polymicrobial is responsible for chancroid?
haemophilis decreyi
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