Studied by 8 peopleWW1 start date
August 1914
WW1 end date
November 1918
Central Powers
Germany, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans
Allies
France, Russia, Britain + empire
Triple Alliance (1882-1915)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente (1907-1917)
France, Russia, Britain (+empire)
Who was the Black Hand?
A group of Serbian nationalists formed by Colonel Apis (Bee) responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Goal of The Black Hand
Gain the independence of Serbs/Slavic people from Austro-Hungarian control.
Where was the Archduke assassinated?
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Nationalism
devotion and loyalty to one's own nation; patriotism
How did nationalism cause WWI?
Britain, Germany, and France believed that their country was better than others. This meant that nations became domineering, assertive, and aggressive.
Imperialism
policy/practice of extending a nation's rule over other territories
How did imperialism cause WWI?
Tension between different empires as they scrambled for colonies.
Militarism
A strong military policy/spirit. It's both practical (action of developing an armed race) and mental (government state of mind).
How did militarism cause WWI?
Every nation kept increasing militaries to achieve a 'balance' of power. This caused competition and tension of rising war.
Alliance
An association for mutual benefit (protection, support, deterrence of war.
How did alliances cause WWI?
Alliances resulted in two separate armed camps (Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance), meaning if one nation was in war, the entire alliance was involved. Instead of deterring war, it fostered it.
ANZAC
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
Plan to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinate Archduke as he drove along the main road in Sarajevo, the Apple Quay on route to the city.
Who assassinated Archduke Franz?
Gavrilo Princip
Eastern front
Along the German-Russian border
Western front
Along Germany's western border, South Belgium, and Northern France
Other land battles
South Africa, China (Chingado), Iraq, Marianas, Carolines, Marshalls Islands
Other ocean battles
Pacific, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian
How fought?
Aerial surveillance + bombing, navy warfare, trench warfare
Significance of WW1
first international war, first to use modern weaponry, unprecedented mass destruction, 60000 AUS lives lost
Why did AUS go to war?
Loyalty, duty, and cultural + economic ties to Britain
AIF
Australian Imperial Force
Strategies to persuade Australian men to enlist in the AIF
Propaganda / recruitment posters, sending a white feather, recruitment cards, recruitment marches
Propaganda
A form of communication aimed at influencing the attitude of a community, a cause or position
reasons to enlist
adventure, mate ship, money, loyalty/ patriotism, duty/family honour, allied confidence, shame, to escape
reasons not to enlist
too young/ too old, medically unfit, too short, employed in an essential service, opposed to war, fear
when did Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
28th July 1914
When did Germany declare war on France, Belgium and Russia?
1-3 August 1914
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
4th August 1914
Australia's involvement in WW1
Brief engagment in the Pacific (October-November 1914) First major campaign: Gallipoli, Turkey (April-December 1914) Western Front, France/ Belgium(1916-1918) Middle East (1916-1918)
When did enlistments peak?
1915
AUS response to outbreak
Most AUS supported the war
Biggest supporter of the war effort
Australian Women's National League
Significance of Gallipoli
the first battle Australia was in, shaped AUS's identity
Life at Gallipoli
Mentally and physically exhausting with little comforts and unsanitary conditions.
When was the Gallipoli Campaign?
25 April 1915 - 9 Jan. 1916
What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
to diminish the power of the Turks and support Russia
August Offensive
In August 1915, the allies attempted to break the stalemate at Gallipoli by advancing.
stalemate
when two sides are in opposition but neither can progress
When did the Allied fleet fail to force through the Dardanelle Strait to attack Istanbul?
8th March 1915
When were the allied landings at Cape Helles, Kumkale and Anzac Cove?
25th April 1915. Troops were ordered to 'dig in'. Australian submarine AE2 slips through the Dardanelles?
When was the failed Turkish Offensive?
18-19th May 1915
When was the Battle of Lone Pine?
6-9th August 1915. Initially Australian soldiers capture the main Turkish trenches but eventually the Turks recaptured the ground they had lost. Seven Victoria Crosses earned by Australian soldiers. This battle is part of the August offensive.
When was the Charge at the Nek?
7th August 1915. Part of the August offensive, is unsuccessful and hundreds of Australians are killed. British forces land at Suvla Bay unopposed to reinforce ANZACs.
When was the successful withdrawal of all troops from Anzac Cove?
8-20th December 1915
When did allies evacuate and the end of Gallipoli campaign?
8-9th January 1915
Note
Flashcard