Chem Sem. 2 Final

The starting substances in a chemical reaction

The ending substances in a chemical reaction

Quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and the amount of reactants formed by a chemical reaction

Ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation

Limits the extent of a reaction, determines the amount of product formed

Reactants leftover when a reaction stops

Maximum amount of products that can be produced from a given amount of reactants

Amount of products produced when a chemical reaction is carried out in an experiment

Ratio over actual/theoretical yield as a percent

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, only moved

The ability to do work or produce heat

Energy can be converted from one form to another but not created nor destroyed

Energy stored in a substance because of its composition

Energy in the process of flowing from a warmer object to a cooler object

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a specific substance by one degree Celsius

Insulated device used for measuring the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical or physical process

Study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes

The specific part of the universe that contains the reaction or process you wish to study

Everything in the universe other than the system

System plus its surroundings

Heat content of a system at constant pressure

If you add two plus thermochemical equations to produce the final equation for a reaction, the sum of enthalpy changes for individual reactions is the enthalpy change for the final reaction

Any physical or chemical change that once begun occurs with no outside intervention

(S) Measure of the number of possible ways energy in a system can be distributed; chaos

Spontaneous processes always proceed in a way that the entropy of the universe increases

Energy that is available to do work

Energy is absorbed in a reaction

Energy is released in a reaction

Change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of time mol/Lxs

Atoms, ions, and molecules must collide in order to react

Temporary, unstable arrangement of atoms in which old bonds are breaking and new bonds are formed

Minimum amount of energy that reacting particles must have to form an activated complex

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in a reaction

A substance that slows down or inhibits reaction rates

Relationship between the rate of a chemical equation and concentration of reactants

K; Relates reaction rate and the concentrations of reactants at a given temperature

How rate is affected by the concentration of that reactant

R-Instantaneous rate at the start of a reaction

R-slope of the straight line tangent to the curve at a specific time

Temperature, surface area, concentration, catalysts/inhibitors

Forward and reverse reactions balance each other as they take place at equal rates

lowering of solubility of a substance because of the presence of a common ion

Ion that is common to two or more ionic compounds