HL Geography - Option A: Freshwater

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levees

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47 Terms

1

levees

raised banks as coarse material is deposited near the channel as a result of repeated flooding

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2

meander

the river erodes the outer bank of a bend and deposition occurs along the inner bank forming a point bar

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3

waterfall

occurs on horizontally bedded rocks as soft rock is undercut by hydraulic action causing hard rock to collapse and retreat

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4

suspension

the smallest particles are carried in the water

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5

saltation

large particles hop along the river system

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6

traction

pebbles shunt along the river bed

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7

solution

material is carried in dissolved load

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8

flotation

materials such as leaves and twigs are carried along the surface of the river

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9

river erosion

the wearing away of land as water flows past the bed and bank

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10

hydraulic action

the force of air and water going into cracks

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11

attrition

wearing of load as rocks knock against each other

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12

abrasion

the scraping away of the bed and bank

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13

corrosion

chemicals in the river dissolves minerals in the rocks within the bed and bank, carrying them away in solution

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14

Bradshaw model

a model which shows how the size of the river affects stream flow

<p>a model which shows how the <strong>size of the river </strong>affects <strong>stream flow </strong></p>
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15

drainage basin

areas of land where precipitation drains downhill into a body of water

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16

watershed

the boundary line of a drainage basin

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17

source

the start of a river

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18

tributary

a smaller river which joins the main river

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19

confluence

the point where two rivers meet

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20

floodplain

the area of land on either side of the river channel

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21

mouth

the point where the river joins another body of water such as the sea

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22

6275km

length of the Mississippi River

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23

1400 million m3 per day

Discharge of the Mississippi River

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24

7 meters

the height of the levee in New Orleans along the Mississippi River

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25

3 meters

the height of the levee at Lake Pontchartrain along the Mississippi River

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26

Morganza Spillway

the diversionary spillway built in 1973 along the Mississippi River

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27

2016

the Mississippi dredging plan was completed in…

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28

5 feet

the Mississippi dredging plan lowered the river bed by…

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29

29

the number of locks and dams along the Mississippi river

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30

1203 feet

the length of the largest lock and dam along the Mississippi River

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31

44km

length of the River Otter

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32

3.12m3 per second

discharge of the River Otter

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33

30%

the % decrease of average peak flow of water downstream during storms after beavers were introduced to the River Otter

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34

15

the number of beaver families currently living along the river otter

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35

139km2

the size of lake Naivasha

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36

30m

the maximum depth of Lake Naivasha

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37

Gilgil and Malewa

the two main rivers feeding the wetland area of lake Naivasha

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38

Oserian

a Dutch flower farm located on the south shores of Lake Naivasha, Kenya which is Africa’s largest rose producer

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39

Lake Naivasha Riparian Association (LNRA)

a group of landowners on Lake Naivasha who established a 100m buffer zone to protect native papyrus and use of pesticides

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40

Integrated Drainage Basin Management

the process of coordinating conservation, management and development, and related resources across sectors within a given river basin, in order to maximize the economic and social benefits

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41

20% from the White Nile and 80% from the Blue Nile

where the full discharge from the Nile comes from

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42

Kenya, Tanzania, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and South Sudan

countries the Nile flows through

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43

238 million

the number of people living in the Nile drainage basin

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44

1929 Nile Water Agreement

agreement between Egypt and Great Britain regarding the utilization of the waters of the Nile River which granted Egypt veto power over construction projects on the Nile or any tributaries

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45

Sudan

the country with the longest section of the Nile

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46

Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

A hydropower project on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia, located 30km upstream of the border with Sudan.

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47

6’450MW

GERD energy production capacity

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