Studied by 1 personWhat is a covalent bond?
The sharing of a pair of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is a metallic bond?
The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative electrons
What elements are involved in a covalent bond?
Two non-metals
What elements are involved in an ionic bond?
Metal and non-metal
What elements are involved in metallic bonds?
Metals
Why do giant ionic structures have high melting points?
Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions takes a lot of energy to overcome
Why do giant metallic structures have high melting points?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions and negative electrons takes a lot of energy to overcome
Why do giant covalent structures have high melting points?
Lots of strong covalent bonds take lots of energy to overcome
Why do simple covalent structures have low melting points?
Weak intermolecular forces take little energy to overcome
Why can't simple covalent and most giant covalent structures conduct electricity
They have no charged particles free to move to carry electrical charge
Why can't giant ionic structures conduct electricity when solid?
The ions are fixed and cannot move
Why can giant ionic structures conduct electricity when aqueous or molten?
The ions are free to move and carry electrical charge
Why can metallic structures and graphite conduct electricity?
Delocalised electrons are free to move and carry electrical charge
How many bonds does each carbon form in diamond?
4
How many bonds does each carbon form in graphite?
3
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite
Why are there horizontal lines on a heating curve?
This is at melting and boiling points when energy is being used to break bonds or forces
What are the limitations of the particle model?
No forces represented between the particles, particles represented as solid spheres, no movement shown
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What ion does magnesium form?
2+
What ion does oxygen form?
2-
What ion does fluorine form?
1-
What ion does lithium form?
1+
What ion does Fe(III) form?
3+
In an ionic bond, metals will...
lose electrons on their outer shell
In an ionic bond, non-metals will...
gain electrons to fill their outer shell
Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
To have a full outer shell and become stable
Buckminsterfullerene
Is made up of 60 carbon atoms
All fullerenes
are molecules of carbon in a sphere like structure
Why are metals soft?
Atoms are the same size and in layers. Layers can slide
Why are alloys hard?
Atoms are different sizes. This distorts the layers, layers can't slide
Why is diamond hard?
It has a rigid structure
Why is graphite soft
Weak intermolecular forces between layers allow layers to slide
Nanoparticles
Have a large surface area to volume ratio
Nanoparticles are good to use in
Sun creams, medicines and catalysts
Nanoparticles may be dangerous as
The high surface are means they are very reactive and could cause explosions
ionic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between positive metal and negative non-metal ions
covalent bonding
a bond formed when non-metal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
metallic bonding
positively charged metallic ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
Note
Flashcard