press forming
process used to shape sheet metal into 3d forms combined with punching to remove parts.
sheet is clamped over a die and then hydraulic press pushes the die to into the sheet metal. the die is then lowered and the pressed sheet component is removed
bending
process of bending sheet or plate metal by a machine called a press brake, desired bends are achieved by clamping the stock metal between a matching punch and die
cupping and deep drawing
process to form tube like shapes
multi operational process where the metal is punched out with rounded corners
spinning
spinning a sheet of metal at high speed as it is pushed over a former or mandrel. have identifiable parallel lines
drop forging
process used to shape hot metal into finished products
rolling
metal is passed through a set of rollers to reduce thickness of the material. usually carried out with hot metal, heated above recrystallisation temp
wrought iron forging
rolling and bending over casting. hydraulic or mechanic rams and an anvil, wrought iron can be shaped using hand tools.