Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division

________ is the second stage during which the cytoplasm divides.

A substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

A process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Some cells die by accident because of ________ or injury, while other cells, such as skin cells, are "programmed "to die.

Though the G in ________ and G2 stands for "gap, "both G phases are periods of growth and activity.

________ are a group of regulatory proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

________ cell division by splitting one cell into two daughter cells; this process differs between animal and plant cells.

________ is the third phase of mitosis

________ is the fourth and final phase of mitosis

The ________ breaks down, and a spindle begins to form; a pair of structures called centrioles help to organize the spindle fibers.

________ is the second phase of mitosis

As a cell gets ready to divide, chromatin condenses, and ________ become visible inside the cell.

Each ________ in a doubled chromosome is called a chromatid; sister chromatids are joined at an area called the centromere.

The part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus divides

________ is the first phase of mitosis

________ can include surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy.

The chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, and ________ connect the centromere of each chromosome to the spindle.

________ that respond to events outside the cell are called external regulators, and they can cause the cell cycle to speed up or slow down.

The "M "in the ________ stands for mitosis, the first stage during which the nucleus divides.

________ is an external regulatory protein that stimulates the growth and division of cells.

Early in development, a(n) ________ forms into a blastocyst- a hollow ball of cells with a group of cells inside called the inner cell mass.

In the ________, a cell prepares for cell division by producing many of the needed organelles and molecules

________ do not have a nucleus; instead, the DNA molecules of prokaryotic cells are found in the cytoplasm.

A process by which two cells from different parents fuse, or join together, to produce the first cell of a new organism

________ each molecule of DNA into a structure called a chromosome- a threadlike structure that contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

The chromosomes in ________ form a close relationship with special proteins called histones, which help to keep long molecules of DNA organized in ________.

A cell does most of its growing during the ________ phase, increasing in size and producing new proteins and organelles

________ that respond to events inside the cell are called internal regulators, and they control the stages of the cell cycle.

The ________ is a series of events that lead to the division of the cell nucleus.

the process by which organisms produce offspring (new organisms)

a threadlike structure that contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

a process that produces two genetically identical organisms

G1, S, G2, and M; the period of growth between cell divisions is referred to as interphase and includes G1, S, and G2 (eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

In a plant, some cells carry out photosynthesis, some plant cells store sugars, and other plant cells create pathways for moving materials up and down

meaning they have the ability to develop into all the tissues of the body

a hollow ball of cells with a group of cells inside called the inner cell mass

meaning they are able to develop into all the bodys cell types, but not capable of developing into the tissues surrounding the embryo

meaning, they have the ability to produce many, but not all, kinds of differentiated cells

A process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

The process by which organisms produce offspring (new organisms)

A a process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

A threadlike structure that contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

The chromosomes in eukaryotic cells form a close relationship with special proteins called _______

A series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides

A long period of the cell cycle between one cell division and the next

The part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides

One of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome

An area where two sister chromatids are attached

Proteins that respond to events outside the cell

Proteins that respond to events inside the cell

An external regulatory protein that stimulates the growth and division of cells

A process in which a cell is programmed to die

A disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth

An organism in its early stage of development

Having the ability to develop into all the tissues of the body

Able to develop into all the body’s cell types, but not capable of developing into the tissues surrounding the embryo

An unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells

Having the ability to produce many, but not all, kinds of differentiated cells