Plant Bio Day 7

• Heterotrophs

• Eukaryotic

• Multicellular or Unicellular

• Cell wall: chitin

• External digestion of food

Haploid

Yeast

Top

Septate & Coenocytic

• Hyphae adapted to trap / kill prey

• Haustoria

1. Plasmogamy

2. Karyogamy

3. Meiosis

4. Germination

• Haploid (1n)

• Small

• Each contain nucleus, dehydrated cytoplasm & protective coat

• Some remain dormant for long periods

• Mitosis (Asexual)

• Meiosis (Sexual)

• Move to new food source

• Avoid / wait out adverse environment

• New genetic combination (sexual reproduction)

1. Spores in sporangia

• Black bread mold

2. Conidia (spores) in conidiophores

• Penicillium

3. Budding

• Yeast

• Chytrids

• Zygomycetes

• Glomeromycetes

• Ascomycetes

• Basidiomycetes

• 1K species

• Single cells or colonies w hyphae

• Flagellated spore

• Aquatic, soil

• Decomposers, parasites, commensals (digestive tract of sheep & cattle)

Haploid, Asexually produced

Zoo = swims

Converts entire contents of flasked shaped body (thallus) into flagellated asexual zoospores

• ⅓ amphibian pop serious decline

• One major cause: chrytrid. Infects skin

• 1000 species

• Coenocytic (non-seperate) hyphae

• Decomposers, parasites, commensals

• Lives in cow shit

• Spore infects, fungus grows

• Death at dusk

• Mind control: summiting, head glued

• 160 species

• Arbuscules

• Non-septate hyphae

• ASEXUAL ONLY

• Obligate symbionts: mycorrhizae

Arbuscules

• 30K species

• Decomposers & ectomycorrhizal

• Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium

• Multicelluar (& some yeasts)

• Septate mycelia

• Asexual / sexual

• Decomposers

• Fruiting body = basidiocarp (mushroom, puffball, bracket)

conidia formed by hyphae

• “Sac fungi”

• 65K species

• Multicellular or unicellular (yeast)

• Asexual / sexual

Conidia

Fruiting body = ascocarp

• Ectomycorrhizae with trees

• Blue cheese

• Source of penicillin (antibiotic)

Yeast → Budding

Formation of Conidia (spores) on conidiophores

Formation of Ascospores in Ascus

8

• Several kinds

• Restrict blood flow: gangrenous ergotism

• St. Anthony’s Fire

• Salem witch trials

• Medical uses

• LSD

Aspergillus fumigatus

Flagellated spores

Resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage

Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants

Sexual spores (ascospores) borne internally in sacs

Produce vast # of asexual spores (conidia)

Elaborate fruiting body containing many basidia that produce sexual spores

Fusion of cytoplasm

Fusion of nuclei

unfused from different parents (n+n)

basidiocarp life cycle: 2 mating types