PE - PAPER 2

ensuring appropriate facilities, equipment and coaching are available e.g. leisure centre, school with facilities, private health + fitness clubs

convincing people to take part e.g. images and photos on posters,role models in the media, raising the profile of the sport

ensuring people can actively engage with physical activity and sport by making it easier e.g. inclusive to all people, convenient timings, wheelchair ramp into a pool

synthetic hormones that mimic the effects of the hormone testosterone \n ADV: increased bone strength + muscle growth, increase speed, power + strength, reduce recovery time \n DISADV: depression, organ failure, high blood pressure \n e.g. Dwain Chambers (sprinter)

reduces affects of adrenaline \n ADV: improve fine motor control and precision, reduce heart rate, minimise anxiety, reduce muscle tremors/tension \n DISADV: nausea, tiredness, risk of heart attack \n e.g. Kim Jong-Su (pistol shooter)

affect the central nervous system, increasing arousal \n ADV: increased alertness + energy, reduce fatigue, suppress appetite \n DISADV: high blood pressure, increased risk of strokes, anxiety \n e.g. Asafa Powell (sprinter)

injecting of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event in an illegal attempt to enhance atheltic performance \n ADV: increases number of red blood cells available to provide oxygen to the athletes muscle, improved stamina \n DISADV: heart attack, stroke, blood clots \n e.g. Max Hauke (skier)

a skill that requires voluntary limb movement to achieve its goal e.g. running

a predetermined objective is accomplished with maximum eficiency with a maximum outlay of energy e.g. dribbling

1. imagery - imagining what the performance should look like \n 2. selective attention - determine which info is important and which is not \n 3. mental rehearsal - help you relax and feel calm - invisioning what the action should look like \n 4. positive self talk - telling positive things that will motivate you

responsible for developing sport for people with disabilities in England

try to improve the health of children by using different initiatives and they believe in children’s future in sport

Agency set up by the government to help provide increased opportunities for participation in sport - invest Nationaly Lottery funding

They help elite athletes become better through improved coaching, equipment, facilities and sponsorship (made up of Sport England, Sport Scotland etc.)

Government department repsonsible for government policies related to sport

funded via the tax payer. They will set up their own initiatives to increase participation in their city e.g. Active Leeds

volunteers run them and often are local sports clubs that run on a non-profit basis so that money is put back into the club e.g. Sunday League football

commerical businesses trying to make money off what they offer e.g. David Lloyd Clubs

promote and develop their sport (agree regulations + rules, subscription fees, competitions)

the management or exploitatio of a person or organisation or activity in a way designed to make profit

media, sport, sponsorship

sporting success brings money, pressure from friends, win at all costs attitude, rewards of victory make it worth risking everything to win

ethical, appropriate, polite + fair behaviour while participating in a game or athletic event e.g. shaking hands, Allistair Brownlee carrying his brother over the line

where the laws of the game are interpreted in ways which is not illegal but not in the spirit of the game e.g. diving in football, Emma Radacanu tactical timeouts

behaviour that is either immoral or seriously breaks the rules e.g. Patriots deinflated the balls to catch easier, Australian cricket team tampering with the ball

physical acts committed in sport that go beyond the accepted rules of play or expected levels of contact within a contact sport e.g. Luis Suarez biting his opponents

no waste of energy and movement seemed effortless e.g. batting in cricket

excellent coordination to control the timing of the skill e.g. layup in basketball

perform a skill that flows e.g. a rugby player picking up the ball and passing it in one movement

goal or target in mind e.g. gymnasts knowing the routine

pleasing and looks good e.g. diver performing somersault

skill that consists of basic movements and are not difficult to perform e.g. 100m running

a skill that requires a lot of focus and decision-making e.g. twisting somersaults

unpredicatable and changeable environment that affects the execution of the skill e.g. rugby tackle

not affected by environment as they are predictable e.g. javelin

a goal set which is directly linked to your performance and/or technique in the game

a goal based on the outcome of the game, involves comparison with other competitors

knowing exactly what the goal is

easy to know when a goal has been achieved

need to be in reach to achieve, and keep you motivated

goal needs to be recorded so performer/coach can monitor progress

does the goal have an endpoint?

ADV: performers can copy what they have seen, useful for all levels of performer, vision is people’s most dominated sense DISADV: demonstration or image must be good quality, some skills too complicated to demonstrate, may not pay attention

ADV: highlights teaching points, useful for sharing basic information and instructions DISADV: can result in an information overload, complex actions are difficult to explain, can be boring

ADV: good for complete beginners, allows to knwo the correct feel of action DISADV: can feel different if someone else moving your body for you

ADV: can build confidence, allow a performer to gain a feel for the movement, good for dangerous skills DISADV: equipment may be expensive, rely on aid

ADV: respond immediately, adjust their performance without help from coach DISADV: unhelpful for beginners with little experience, poor technique becomes harder to change

ADV: helps beginners as someone else can tell them what went well DISADV: only useful if feedback is accurate, needs to be from experienced coach

ADV: helps a performer develop an understanding of their strengths + weaknesses DISADV: time consuming, detailed feedback replied from a knowledgeable coach

ADV: simple and quick measurement of success DISADV: may be demotivating, may ignore weaknesses

ADV: increase motivation, focus on less successful aspects regardless of results DISADV: may feel there is no need to improve

ADV: help a coach provide helpful information to improve, increase motivation of certain performers DISADV: demotivating for others, loss in confidence

self-esteem, confidence, stress management and body image (all combatted by physical acitvity)

friendship, belonging to a group and loneliness - physical acitvity can help people feel happier

decrease risk of injury, lower obesity, increase bone density, higher level of fitness, better posture, lower blood pressure and lower likelihood of coronary heart disease

important source of energy + insulation saturated fats - too much increases risk of developing heart diseaseunsaturated fats - much healthier and play a role in reducing risk of developing heart disease

main source of energy, stored as glycogen simple sugars - break down quickly and provide burst of energy e.g. gel pouchescomplex starches - break down and release energy slowly e.g. pasta

provides body with amino acids which are building blocks of all cells - CELL GROWTH AND REPAIR

ensure vital chemical reactions take place in the body

wide range of bodily functions - e.g. calcium

provides bulk to help them pass through the digestive system, feel fuller for longer

keeps joints lubricated, carries vitamins and minerals around the body, aids digestion, helps remove waste produvts, helps regulate body temp