CIVE 375: CH2

Ions are atoms with a net charge that come from neutral molecules of dissolved solids or gases.

All water samples should have the same number of cations as they have anions, (electrically neutral)

Considered to be negligible in analysis, more prevalent with sea water

The ability for a sample of water to react with soap, caused by multivalent ions

The normality of a species

Associated with multivalent cations for a sample, can be divided into carbonate and non carbonate hardness

Nc=TH, NCH=0

Nc=CH, NCH=TH-Nc

g/eq

The ability of a water sample to neutralize

A toxin will be stored in the fatty tissue of an animal

A toxin will increase in concentration as you go up the food chain

way to measure oxygen demand via stoich

See how DO changes after a few days, indicates organic matter in water

See how oxidant is consumed (you add an oxidant and a dye and see how the colour changes), indicates organic matter in water

Pressure gradients cause this inert gas to go through basements and vents, we have pollutant control measures

Will not pass through filter

Will pass through a filter

Benefits: They are good for ensuring the flow of sedimentation in areas where its deplenished Harms: Fish who need that light

Will ignite (typically organic compounds)

Will not ignite (inorganic solids)

Allows us to count the number of colonies after a few days in a sample of water, done with a filter

Measure of lights ability to scatter through a water sample, related to Total Suspended Solids

TS=TFS+TVS

TS=TSS+TDS

Fungi, Bacteria, Algae (all of these are considered pathogens)

Group of bacteria which are found in animal and human feces

Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms

Determine the degree of organic contamination of water, convert all carbon to CO2 via high temp, measure CO2 (TC), all remaining inorganic carbon is converted to CO2 using pH reduction, measure CO2