ap world

Janissaries- Elite infantry units of the ________, composed of Christian slaves who were converted to Islam and trained as soldiers.

________- Economic system in which the government controls the economy in order to increase national wealth and power, usually through a combination of exports and protectionism.

________- The Chinese concept of their country being the center of the world and the intermediary between heaven and earth.

________: A Spanish priest and historian who criticized the treatment of Native Americans by Spanish colonizers and advocated for their rights.

________: An Islamic dynasty that ruled over a vast empire from 750 to 1258 CE.

________: A pandemic that swept through Europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated 25 million people, or one third of the population.

________: A confederation of merchant guilds in medieval Europe that dominated trade in the Baltic and North Sea regions.

________- Islamic mystics who seek a direct and personal experience of God through prayer, meditation, and other spiritual practices.

________: A Portuguese explorer who led the first European voyage to India by rounding the southern tip of Africa in 1498.

________- A 14th- century Moroccan scholar and traveler who documented his journeys throughout the Islamic world and beyond.

________- German theologian who began the Protestant Reformation with his Ninety- Five Theses in 1517, which criticized the Catholic Church's practices such as indulgences.

________- Safavid Shah of Iran from 1588- 1629 who is known for his military and administrative reforms and his patronage of the arts.

________: A system of record- keeping used by the Inca civilization, consisting of knotted strings of different colors and lengths.

Gold, Glory, God- The three main motivations for European exploration and colonization of the ________ during the Age of Exploration; refers to the desire for wealth, fame, and spreading Christianity.

________- Groups of people who have been dispersed from their original homeland and settled in different parts of the world.

________: A period of cultural and artistic rebirth in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning and humanism.

________: A powerful Japanese feudal lord who controlled a large portion of land and vassals.

________: A Spanish colonial system in which colonizers were granted land and Native American labor in exchange for converting them to Christianity and protecting them.

________- The transatlantic voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas; important in the history of the slave trade and European colonialism.

________: A major religion originating in India that encompasses diverse beliefs, practices, and traditions, including the concepts of karma, dharma, and reincarnation.

________- A warrior class in feudal Japan that served the nobility and followed a strict code of honor known as Bushido.

They were used for agriculture, particularly for the ________ like maize, beans, and squash.

________: Spanish colonizers who were born in the colonies but had Spanish ancestry and often faced discrimination from Peninsulares.

________- The military ruler of Japan during the feudal period, who held real power while the emperor was a figurehead.

________- Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, which began in the 16th century; includes various denominations such as Lutherans, Calvinists, and Anglicans.

________- A Muslim empire that emerged in Anatolia in the 14th century and lasted until the early 20th century, known for its military conquests and cultural achievements.

________: Agricultural products grown for sale rather than for personal consumption, often associated with the Atlantic slave trade and colonialism.

________: An instrument used for navigation that shows the direction of magnetic north and helped sailors explore and map the world.

________- The 14th- century emperor of the Mali Empire, known for his wealth and his pilgrimage to Mecca.

________- A period of peace and stability that occurred in Eurasia during the Mongol Empire, allowing for increased trade and cultural exchange.

________- An examination system in imperial China used to select candidates for government positions based on merit and knowledge of Confucianism.

________: A Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519- 1522.

________ the Magnificent- Ottoman Sultan who ruled from 1520- 1566 and oversaw a period of great expansion and cultural achievement in the Ottoman Empire.

Inca: A civilization that flourished in ________ from the 13th to 16th century.

________: Spanish colonizers who were born in Spain and held high positions of power in the colonies.

________: A practice that was widespread in China from the 10th to early 20th century, in which the feet of young girls were tightly bound to prevent normal growth.

________: A small, fast sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese that enabled long- distance travel and exploration.

________- A philosophy and ethical system originating in ancient China that emphasizes the importance of morality, family values, and social order.

________- Last Incan emperor of Peru, who was captured by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1532 and executed the following year.

Feudalism: A political and social system prevalent in medieval Europe and ________, where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service.

Crusades: A series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims in the medieval period over control of the ________.

________: An instrument used for navigation and to determine the altitude of celestial bodies, invented by ancient Greeks and improved by Muslims.

________- A Venetian merchant and traveler who wrote a famous account of his travels to China and the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.

Aztecs: A Mesoamerican civilization that existed in ________ from the 14th to 16th century.

________- Mughal Emperor of India from 1556- 1605, known for his religious tolerance and cultural achievements, including the construction of the Taj Mahal.

________: A Mesoamerican civilization that existed in Central America from the 3rd to 16th century.

It allowed for multiple harvests per year and contributed to population growth and economic development in ________.

________- Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire in Peru in the 16th century and established Spanish control over much of South America.

________- Aztec emperor who ruled at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, led by Hernan Cortes in 1519- 1521.

________: A type of inn or rest stop used by travelers in the Middle East and Central Asia, particularly along trade routes like the Silk Road.

A Mesoamerican civilization that existed in Mexico from the 14th to 16th century

A social hierarchy system that divides people into different classes based on birth, occupation, and social status

A Chinese admiral and explorer who led several expeditions during the early 15th century to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa

A civilization that flourished in South America from the 13th to 16th century

An Islamic dynasty that ruled over a vast empire from 750 to 1258 CE

A system of record-keeping used by the Inca civilization, consisting of knotted strings of different colors and lengths

A title given to the leader of the Islamic community, particularly during the early Islamic period

A Mesoamerican civilization that existed in Central America from the 3rd to 16th century

A branch of Buddhism that emerged in India in the 2nd century CE and spread to China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

A labor system used by the Inca civilization, in which individuals were required to work for the state for a certain period each year

The capital city of the Aztec civilization, located in the Valley of Mexico

A pandemic that swept through Europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated 25 million people, or one third of the population

A type of inn or rest stop used by travelers in the Middle East and Central Asia, particularly along trade routes like the Silk Road

A fast-maturing rice variety that originated in Vietnam in the 13th century

A practice that was widespread in China from the 10th to early 20th century, in which the feet of young girls were tightly bound to prevent normal growth

The founder and first emperor of the Mongol Empire, known for his military conquests and leadership

The political entities that were established after the death of Genghis Khan, each led by one of his descendants

A nomadic people from Central Asia who were skilled horsemen and warriors, and established a vast empire under Genghis Khan

The fifth emperor of the Mongol Empire and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China

A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 AD, known for its advances in science, technology, and the arts

The Chinese concept of their country being the center of the world and the intermediary between heaven and earth

An examination system in imperial China used to select candidates for government positions based on merit and knowledge of Confucianism

The dynasty in China established by Kublai Khan, which lasted from 1271 to 1368 AD

The Chinese dynasty that followed the Yuan Dynasty, ruling from 1368 to 1644 AD and known for its economic prosperity and cultural achievements

A period of peace and stability that occurred in Eurasia during the Mongol Empire, allowing for increased trade and cultural exchange

A network of trade routes connecting China to the Mediterranean, known for the exchange of goods, ideas, and religions

A network of trade routes in Africa that crossed the Sahara desert and facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa

Maritime trade routes that connected the East and West, allowing for the exchange of goods, ideas, and religions

A philosophy and ethical system originating in ancient China that emphasizes the importance of morality, family values, and social order

A warrior class in feudal Japan that served the nobility and followed a strict code of honor known as Bushido

The military ruler of Japan during the feudal period, who held real power while the emperor was a figurehead

A Muslim empire that emerged in Anatolia in the 14th century and lasted until the early 20th century, known for its military conquests and cultural achievements

Groups of people who have been dispersed from their original homeland and settled in different parts of the world

The 14th-century emperor of the Mali Empire, known for his wealth and his pilgrimage to Mecca

A medieval West African kingdom that flourished from the 6th to the 13th century, known for its gold and salt trade

A medieval West African empire that flourished from the 13th to the 16th century, known for its wealth, scholarship, and Islamic culture

A West African empire that existed from the 15th to the 16th century, known for its military conquests and trading network

A medieval African city that flourished from the 11th to the 15th century, known for its impressive stone structures and its role in trade

A 14th-century Moroccan scholar and traveler who documented his journeys throughout the Islamic world and beyond

A Venetian merchant and traveler who wrote a famous account of his travels to China and the Mongol Empire in the 13th century

A series of city-states along the East African coast that flourished from the 9th to the 16th century, known for their trade with the Indian Ocean world

A powerful Japanese feudal lord who controlled a large portion of land and vassals

A political and social system prevalent in medieval Europe and Japan, where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service

In Catholicism, the forgiveness of sins granted by the Church in exchange for a donation or act of piety

A series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims in the medieval period over control of the Holy Land

A confederation of merchant guilds in medieval Europe that dominated trade in the Baltic and North Sea regions

A major religion originating in India that encompasses diverse beliefs, practices, and traditions, including the concepts of karma, dharma, and reincarnation

A period of cultural and artistic rebirth in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries, characterized by a renewed interest in classical learning and humanism

A monotheistic religion founded in the 15th century in the Punjab region of India, combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

A religious movement in Europe in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther, that resulted in the formation of Protestantism and the splintering of the Christian church