Intro to Biotechnology: Applications of Biotech

the study and manipulation of living things OR their component molecules, cells, tissues, organs, etc. to benefit human beings

identifying the pattern of certain sequences in parts of DNA

health hazard

fire hazard

specific harzard

reactivity hazard

nucleus contained thread-shaped structures

chromosomes played a critical role in this

characterized the alpha helix structure of common proteins

the structure of common proteins characterized by Linus Pauling

what two scientists figured out DNA was a double helix?

a machine language to make RNA, which became an assembly-language “program”

chemist and his advisor that produced amino acids

building blocks of life

cloning sections of one organism’s DNA to another

supreme court case that determined whether or not a company can patent a bioengineered life form; ruled in favor of respondent that it is legal

first blockbuster brain drug approved for psychiatric use; an anti-psychotic

first scientifically created, advertising-promoted drug for the “worried-well”

“mother’s little helpers”; many women took it due to the depression and anxiety may suffered from due to the loneliness and limitations the role of “housewife” that women had to follow back then

theory that depression may be caused by elevating and lack of norepinephrine and serotonin

what happens when one turns certain samples of human tissues into immortalized cell lines using tissue engineering?

most important cell line in biomedical research; particularly loaded technology; used to clone cells, revolutionized medicine, but the patient’s cell that was used never gave consent or received compensation

had its genome, or DNA blueprint, edited to include genes from another organism

big money GMOs, which first faced little pushback from consumers

isolating gametes, or sex sells, and moving them around in labs

cloning

chopping up DNA, tagging them to florescent dyes, and sorting out sequences by length

developer of PCR

developed by Kary Mullis; an automated way of taking advantage of natural processes for copying DNA

began October 1st, 1990 & competed in 2003; had the goal of sequencing a representative “working draft” of 90% of a human genome—a model blueprint for the human body

fragmenting genome into bits in a row, then letting computers piece it back together to make the sequence

who signed an executive order in 2000 to prevent genetic discrimination in federal workplaces

movement where amateurs can sequence DNA and do bioengineering at home

collect DNA samples from thousands of people to understand human diversity

the # of electronic switches that people could squeeze onto one computer chip would double

two engineers committed to computing for play, not just always work

founded by Bill Gates in 1975

to protect citizens from soviet attacks if power lines were out or to pass information quickly

used by ARPANET to send data in small, independent, broken-up parts that can each find their own fastest routes and be reassembled later

invented world wide web in 1990; built the first web browser

list of time-stamped records which are linked using cryptography and resistant to fraud

kinds of money not backed by sovereign nations but by groups of co-invested strangers on the internet (ex: NFTs)

associating with each other based on shared molecules

replacing regions of DNA to give a rise to disease with doctor-designed therapeutic gene; genes get taken out, changed, and out back un

each patient will have care tailored to each individual genome

how regions of DNA are copied into little strands of DNA

how proteins fold together

how energy moves around inside and out of cells

most efficient way of gene-edting; when a virus enters the microbe’s cell, it is recognized as being on the list and an associated protein cuts up the virus; it reads for specific DNA sequences and only cuts these; instead of a step-by-step process it enables a whole solution to be programmed all at once

engineering babies

genomics of microbes

collection of neurons joined by little gaps called ______.

dream database for many researchers; a total map of how neurons are linked

better predictor of health than a genetic code