Studied by 11 peopleDisplacement
The change in an object’s position
Vector Quantity
A physical measurement that contains directional information
Scalar Quantity
A physical measurement that does NOT contain directional information
Velocity
The time rate of change of an object’s position (Δx/Δt)
Speed
The time rate of change of the distance traveled by an object (Δd/Δt)
Acceleration
The time rate of change of an object’s velocity (Δv/Δt)
Acceleration due to gravity on earth (metric)
9.8 m/sec^2
Acceleration due to gravity on earth (Imperial)
32 ft/sec^2
Free Fall
The motion of an object when it is falling solely under the influence of gravity
Parabolic Motion
Motion that occurs when an object moves in two dimensions but has zero acceleration in one of those dimensions and a constant, non zero acceleration in the other
Friction
A force that opposes motion, resulting from the contact of two surfaces
Newton’s First Law (The Law of Inertia)
An object in motion (or at rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force
Newton’s Second Law
When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the vector sum of those forces is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration vector (ΣF=ma)
Prefixes for mass
Slugs, grams (mg, kg)
Prefixes for weight
Newtons, dynes, pounds
Normal Force
A force that results from the contact of two bodies and is perpendicular to the surface of contact
Kinetic Friction
Friction that opposes motion once the motion has already started
Static Friction
Friction that opposes the initiation of motion
Newton’s Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Translational equilibrium
An object is said to be in translational equilibrium when the sum of the forces acting on it is equal to zero
Two types of translational equilibrium
Static and Dynamic
Static Equilibrium
When an object is at rest
Dynamic Equilibrium
When an object moves with a constant velocity
Tension
the force from a tight string, rope, or chain. This force is directed away from the object to which the string, rope, or chain is anchored
Translational Motion
Motion from one point to another which does not involve repeatedly passing the same point in space
Rotational Motion
Motion around a central axis such that an object could repeatedly pass the same point in space relative to that axis
Axis of rotation
The point in space at the center of rotational motion
Lever arm
the length of an imaginary line drawn from the axis of rotation to the point at which the force is being applied
Torque
The tendency of a force to cause rotational acceleration. The magnitude of the torque is equal to the length of the lever arm times the component of the force that is applied perpendicular to it
Rotational Equilibrium
The state in which the sum of the torques acting on an object is zero
Note
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