Unit 1 Psych Exam Review

first sociologist

defined sociology

most important contribution was positivism

conflict school

bourgeois and proletariat

theorist of structural functionalism

the study of mankind

the study of society

the study of the individual and the human mind

rigidly apply the scientific method in order to obtain quantifiable data that can be used to evaluate society

purpose; to study how social structures function to serve the needs of society

society is best studied as an organic system like the human body

criticism; does not account for the destructive forces within society

to study how power forms the basis of relationships between different groups and creates social conflict

to study how power imbalance creates conflicts between genders

study the individuals role and place in the broader society and how they come to understand their society through both social interaction and individual interpretations of social systems and institutions

to study how the physical environment and social structures shape individual behaviour

builds on the concepts of symbolic interactionism

modified marxs conflict approach - too simplistic

professional class

believed in bureaucracies

mentored and worked closely with jane goodall

shared ideas and standards considered acceptable and binding

expectations about how people should behave in particular contexts

the expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position

the wealthy minority who owned the factories and means of production

the poor majority, working class who sell their labour

studies the biological development of the human species

sub disciplines; palaeontology primatology human variation

study past and present cultures and look for cultural variation

sub disciplines; ethology linguistic anthropology archeology

primatologist that demonstrated the direct link chimps have with human due to their evolutionary link

established concept of natural selection to explain how plant and animals evolved

suggested humans first evolved in africa

discovered a skull quarry in south africa, first skull found was african origin

the study of chimpanzees

primary focus is on studying understanding and changing behaviour

a school whose clinical approach to therapy focuses on resolving a patient’s conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings and memories

the study and application of how the brain learns

a response to alleged limitations of psychoanalytic and behavioural psychology

emphasize the role of the client in clinical psychology

operant conditioning

concerned with only observable behaviours, not the mental processes behind them

used rats and pigeons

classical conditioning

most famous and controversial psychologist

two major theories of psychology; psychoanalytic theory and psychosexual theory

former student of freud

disagreed with freud

founder of analytic psychology

a core psychoanalytic thinker

one of the founders of humanist psychology

interested in studying people who are well

self- actualization

basic survival needs, physical well-being

security and protection needs from danger and fear

living a normal life of freedom

social needs, a sense of belonging, giving and receiving support, social acceptance and friendliness

self-esteem needs and a sense of integrity, personal satisfaction and social relevance/importance

the highest need, the strongest sense of self, a life full of meaning and fulfillment

created clients centred therapy

memories and feelings in our mind that we can recall

memories and feeling in our mind that we cannot recall

the pleasure principle; to fulfill your immediate desire

moral compass principle; encourages you to make the right choice

reality principle; attempts to balance the id and superego rationally

learning by association between a stimulus and a response, no new behaviour is learned

learning can be programmed and conditioned by introducing specific consequences to specific behaviours

the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus

a stimulus that naturally triggers a response

an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

the egos way of distorting reality to deal with anxiety

the ego represses unacceptable memories thoughts and feelings by transferring them to the unconscious mind