BIO UNIT 8- PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE

A plant has two alleles for seed shape under complete dominance, round (R) and wrinkled (r).  Which of the following plants displays the dominant phenotype of round?

A. RR

B. Rr

C. rr

D. Answers A and B

E. Answers A, B and C

D

Which of the following would be considered a true-breeder by Mendel’s criteria?

1. PP 2. Pp 3.pp

A. One only

B. Two only

C. One and three

D. All three are true-breeders

C

If Mendel collected 1000 seeds from a cross between two true-breeding plants, one for yellow seeds and one for green seeds, how many of his seeds would be green? (Yellow seeds are dominant.)

A. 0

B. ~250

C. ~500

D. ~750

A

If Mendel collected 1000 seeds from a cross between two of the plants grown from the seeds taken from question 3, how many of his seeds would be yellow?

A. 0

B. ~250

C. ~500

D. ~750

D

Plant height has two alleles tall (T) and short (t) and the tall allele is completely dominant to the short allele. Flower color also follows a complete dominance inheritance pattern with the purple flower allele (P) being dominant to the white flower allele (p). What is the genotype of a short white flowered plant?

A. TTPP

B. ttpp

C. TTpp

D. ttPP

B

All of the following are expected results that would be found in a dihybrid cross between two round, yellow seed pea plants (genotypes of RrYy) except:

A. 3 out of every 16 seeds should be round and green

B. 4 out of every 16 seeds should be wrinkled and green

C. 9 out of every 16 seeds should be round and yellow

D. 9 different genotypes

B

Chin fissure is controlled by a dominant allele and a smooth chin by a recessive allele. Dimples are controlled by a dominant allele and no dimples by a recessive allele. If two parents are heterozygous for each trait, the chance that they will produce a child with a chin fissure and no dimples is:

A. 9/16.

B. 1/16.

C. 3/16.

D. 16/16.

C

The trait for tall pea plants is (T) and the trait for short pea plants is (t). The trait for round peas is (R) and the trait for wrinkled is (r). Two plants are crossed yielding an F1 generation with 402 short plants with round peas and 399 short plants with wrinkled peas. Which of the following is a genotype of the parent generation that could yield this result?

A. ttRr x ttrr

B. TTrr x TTrr

C. TtRr x TtRr

D. ttRr x ttRr

A

Which of the following statements regarding genotypes and phenotypes is false?

A. An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be heterozygous for that trait.

B. Alleles are alternate forms of a gene.

C. The genetic makeup of an organism constitutes its genotype.

D. An allele that is fully expressed phenotypically is referred to as recessive.

D

Which of the following cannot be demonstrated by monohybrid crosses?

A. dominance

B. segregation of alleles

C. law of independent assortment

D. law of segregation

C

Mendel's Law of Segregations is based on the fact that

A. only dominant alleles are expressed in heterozygotes.

B. members of a homologous gene pair separate from one another during gamete formation.

C. recessive alleles are expressed only in the homozygous state.

D. genes for different traits are randomly distributed to gametes during meiosis.

B

Which of Mendel’s laws can be explained when during metaphase I of meiosis I the orientation of how one tetrad shows up at the metaphase plate has no affect on how another tetrad lines up?

A. Law of Dominance

B. Law of Segregations

C. Law of Independent Assortments

D. Law of Inheritance

C

Consider a tetrahybrid cross between two organisms, one having the genotype AABbDdEE and the other having the genotype AabbDdee, what is the probability that an offspring from this cross will be AaBbDDEe?

A. 1/16

B. 1/8

C. 1/2

D. 100%

A

A male and female have 3 offspring all of which are female. The couple is now pregnant again. What is the likelihood that the next child will be a male?

A. 1/4

B. 1/2

C. 3/4

D. 100%

B

Based on the family pedigree above where shaded represents individuals affected by a dominant disorder, one would conclude all of the following except:

A. Individual I-2 is homozygous

B. Individual I-1 is homozygous

C. Individual III-1 is heterozygous

D. Individual II-4 married individual II-5

A

Based on the family pedigree above where shaded represents individuals affected by a disorder, one can conclude that the disorder is most likely:

A. Sex-linked dominant

B. Sex-linked recessive

C. Autosomal dominant

D. Autosomal recessive

B

Based on the pedigree shown above, what is the relationship between II-4 and IV-1?

A. Sister and brother

B. Aunt and nephew

C. Grandmother and grandson

D. Mother and son

C

A plant has two alleles for the amount of flowers, many flowers (F) and few flowers (f) and the expression of the amount of flowers is under incomplete dominance. What is/are the possible genotype(s) of a plant with many flowers?

A. FF

B. Ff

C. ff

D. Both A and B

A

A plant has two alleles for flower color, red flowers (R) and white flowers (W) and the expression of flower color is under codominance.  What would be the color of a heterozygous flower?

A. Red

B. White

C. Pink

D. Red and white spotted

D

Which of the following does not accurately match the inheritance pattern with its description? 

A. Incomplete dominance – the dominant allele is not able to produce the same phenotypic effect when present in only one copy and therefore a single copy results in an intermediate phenotype somewhere between the dominant and recessive phenotypes

B. Codominant – both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals

C. Pleiotropy – a single gene can affect multiple phenotypic characteristics

D. Polygenic inheritance – two or more genes control multiple phenotypic characters

D

A plant with red flowers reproduces with a plant with white flowers, and results in a plant with pink flowers.  This is due to

A. Complete dominance

B. Incomplete dominance

C. Codominance

D. None of the above

B

The character of “tall,” “medium,” or “short” height of a certain plant species is controlled by a single gene with two alleles and an incomplete dominant expression. The offspring of a homozygous tall and homozygous short plant will produce offspring that are medium height

A. 0% of the time

B. 25% of the time

C. 50% of the time

D. 100% of the time

D

In a particular chicken species, the allele for black feathers is B and the allele for white feathers is W.  The heterozygous phenotype is known as erminette (black and white spotted).  There are no recessive versions of the feather color gene (think through this, there is only one gene with two possible dominant alleles).  What are the genotypes for a black chicken, a white chicken, and an erminette chicken? 

A. black is BB or Bb, white is ww, and erminette is BBww

B. black is BB, white is WW, and erminette is BW

C. black is BB, white is bb, and erminette is Bb

D. There is not enough information provided to answer this question.

B

Which of the following genotype(s) will result in Type A Blood? 

A. I^AI^B

B. I^Ai

C. I^AI^A

D. Answers B and C

E. Answers A, B, and C

D

The genotype ii will result in what phenotype?

A. Type A Blood

B. Type B Blood

C. Type AB Blood

D. Type O Blood

D

When a person has the genotype I^AI^B blood, their red blood cells have both “A” and “B” proteins.  This is an example of:

A. Complete dominance

B. Incomplete dominance

C. Codominance

D. Polygenic Trait

C

Both the Smith family and the Jones family had babies at the same time. There was a mix-up in the hospital nursery, but luckily the hospital had the blood types of the Jones’ and the two babies as shown below:

Mr. Jones: blood type AB Baby # 1: blood type A

Mrs. Jones: blood type B Baby # 2: blood type O

Which of the babies belongs to the Joneses?

A. Baby #1

B. Baby #2

C. Both babies could belong to the Joneses

D. Neither baby could belong to the Joneses

A

The gene for ear wax texture has two autosomal alleles, wet ear wax (E) and dry ear wax (e) with wet ear wax being completely dominant to dry ear wax.  A homozygous wet ear wax person mates with a heterozygous wet earwax person.  Create a monohybrid Punnett square for this cross, then state the probability of the potential genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

Potential % of each genotype(s): ____________________________

Potential % of each phenotype(s): ___________________________

genotype- 50% EE 50% Ee

phenotype- 100% wet

Cross a man who is a carrier for sickle cell with a female who is also a carrier. You may use the letter “A” to represent the alleles. (do punnet square)

What is the probability that two carriers for sickle cell would have a child who has sickle cell?

25%

Cross a man who is a carrier for sickle cell with a female who is also a carrier. You may use the letter “A” to represent the alleles. (both carriers)

What are the parents genotypes?

Aa and Aa

Chin fissure is controlled by a dominant allele (F) and a smooth chin by a recessive allele (f). Dimples are controlled by a dominant allele (D) and no dimples by a recessive allele (d).

Do a punnet square. What is the probability of the offspring from the above cross having a chin fissure and dimples?

50%

What is the probability of two parents who both have Type AB blood having an offspring with Type A blood?  Do a punnet square.

25%

Dent disease is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by kidney failure in late childhood.  What is the probability that the son of a father who has Dent Disease and a mother who is homozygous with two normal alleles, will have Dent Disease?  Do a punnett square.

0%

Is the shaded trait most likely dominant or recessive and how do you know?

recessive- unshaded parents have a shaded child

Is the shaded trait most likely autosomal or sex linked and how do you know?

mothers who have it gave it to all sons

Is individual I-1 a boy or a girl?

boy

If II-3 and II-4 were to have another son, what is the probability of their child having the shaded trait?

50%

If a trait is recessive, how can you tell if it is autosomal or sex-linked? (what questions do you ask) (2)

1. Does every shaded mom have all shaded sons?

2. Do all shaded daughters have a shaded dad?

If a trait is dominant, how can you tell if it is autosomal or sex-linked? (what questions do you ask) (2)

1. do dads who are shaded have all shaded girls?

2. does every shaded son have a shaded mom?

How do you know if a trait is mitochondrial?

shaded mom passes traits to all kids