Exam 1 Study Guide

Seven characteristics of Life:

Has cells, maintains homeostasis, uses energy/metabolizes, reproduces, grow and/or develop, adapt/evolve to environment, respond to stimuli in environment

Distinguish natural science from social science

Social science focuses on human society and such. Natural science is the study of the natural world, i.e. biology, physics, earth sciences.

Theories v Law

Theories explain how phenomenon happens, law just explains that phenomenon always occurs under certain conditions

Biology: the study of life

Science: a system of acquiring knowledge

Homeostasis: process of keeping internal conditions stable and different from the environment

Hypothesis: an educated guess based on observation

Cell: membrane bound unit separate from surroundings

Atom: smallest unit of a substance

Population: all individuals of a species in the same area

Community: different species population interacting in the same area

Species: a group of organism who can naturally reproduce and create fertile offspring

How are organisms assigned to taxonomic rankings?

By their traits (morphology) and genetic lineage, aka their relationship to other organisms (DNA)

Taxonomic Rankings in Order: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Broadest and most specific rankings?

Domain, species

Taxonomy: science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms

Carl von Linn: father of taxonomy, binomial nomenclature

First living organism on Earth?

Bacteria

What theory gave eukaryotes mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Endosymbiotic theory

Know: Mass Extinctions caused the biodiversity we see today.

Homologous structures: similar physical features in organisms with common ancestors

Atoms: smallest unit of a substance while still having a unique substance

Atomic number: number of protons in an atom

Nucleus: surrounded by ring of electrons, made of protons and neutrons

Mass Number: total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Dmitry Mendeleev: 1869 Russian Chemist, arranged elements by chemical properties into the periodic table

Which is Unhealthy: saturated or unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats are “unhealthy”

Which amino acid does the body synthesize: essential or nonessential?

The body produces nonessential amino acids.

Six Main Elements of Life?

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus

**Difference between monomers and polymers?**Monomers are small molecules that can be joined together to form more complex molecules. Polymers are macromolecules made of monomers and form long repeating chains

All living things on earth are carbon based.

Denaturation: the unraveling of a complete, functioning protein due to extreme conditions that affect the weak hydrogen bonding