perfect tense

• Formed with the present tense of "avoir" or "être" + past participle

• "Avoir" is used for most verbs, "être" is used for certain verbs of motion and reflexive verbs

• Past participles have different endings for regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs

• Used to describe completed actions in the past

• Can also be used to describe past events that have continued up until the present

• Negation is formed with "ne" + auxiliary verb + "pas" eg. je n’ai pas mange

• subject - who did it?

• auxiliary verb - avoir or etre

• past participle - version of the verb in the past

reflexive verbs

• Reflexive verbs are used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same.

• In French, reflexive verbs are formed by adding "se" before the infinitive verb.

• Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous, se) are used with reflexive verbs to indicate who is performing the action on themselves.

• Reflexive verbs are used to describe actions related to personal care, emotions, and daily routines.

• in the past, an example is je me suis reveille

dr and mrs van der tramp

• Dr and Mrs Van Der Tramp verbs are a group of French verbs that use être as their auxiliary verb in the passé composé tense.

• The acronym "Dr and Mrs Van Der Tramp" stands for the first letter of each verb in the group.

• The verbs are: Devenir, Revenir, Monter, Rester, Sortir, Venir, Aller, Naître, Descendre, Entrer, Retourner, Tomber, Rentrer, Arriver, Mourir, Partir.

• These verbs indicate a change of state, movement, or a change of location.

• They must agree in gender and number with the subject of the sentence in the passé composé tense.

irregular perfect verbs