In deciding a case in which a male citizen is suing state government over a law that he believes discriminates against him based on his gender, the Supreme Court would most likely rely on the

intermediate scrutiny test

Throughout the 20th Century which group advocated most effectively for the rights of disabled Americans?

War veterans

What best expresses the attitudes of the framers of the Constitution toward public opinion?

be suspicious of public opinion, but don't ignore it.

At the beginning of an electoral contest a campaign usually checks the public's knowledge of a candidate by means of

a benchmark survey

Men are more likely than women to

favor the death penalty for murderers.

What is the best predictor of political participation?

education

What tactic is part of an inside strategy?

meeting with a congressional staffer.

Agency capture occurs when

an industry begins to gain controlling influence over the agency that regulates it.

Liberal personalities tend to::champion a high level of civil liberties.

What acts is generally the LEAST effective means by which citizens can make their political views apparent to political officials?

voting

Active interest and participation in politics is defined as

political engagement

The degree of loyalty that an individual feels toward a particular political party is

known as strength of party identification.

A(n) __________is any formally organized association that seeks to influence public policy

interest group

What way is the LEAST effective way to make your political views known to a political official?

voting

When citizens are contacted personally by candidates or political organizations to take part in political activities, this contact is called

direct mobilization

Persons who join interest groups out of a need for a sense of belonging are responding to ____________ incentives

social

At what age is a person most likely to vote?

48

According to most interest group leaders, what type of incentives draw the most members?

idealistic

Generally speaking, small groups have what kind of advantage over large groups?

intensity and cohesiveness

What is a characteristic of astroturf lobbying?

lobbying for a set of unidentified interests