0.0(0)

Take a practice test

undefined Flashcards

0.0(0)

Studied by 0 people

Name (Print): Group:

STUDY GUIDE DIRECTIONS:

PRINT your name and group on this page.
Read and answer the questions carefully.
GOOD LUCK :)
Read ALL the directions carefully!
Write your work down on this packet!
If you need more space and do it on separate page, attach it to this study guide.

Section 1: Vocab and Terms

You must be familiar with ALL vocabulary, especially terms you highlighted in your notes. However, these particular words below will have a higher weight than others on the exam. To be successful on this exam, you should be able to explain each definition or term and provide an example of each.

Directions: Highlight any words you cannot define, think of an example for, or teach. On the next pages, there is space to define each word or come up with an example for it. Plan on when and how you will return to study them.

- Homo Sapiens
- Paleolithic
- Migration
- Egalitarian
- Nomadic
- Hunter-forager
- Neolithic
- Domestication
- Surplus
- Agriculture
- Agrarian
- Sedentary
- Pastoralism
- Specialization of labor
- Metallurgy
- Patriarchy
- Civilization
- Cause
- Effect
- Class
- Class divisions
- Elite
- Nobility
- Aristocracy
- City-State
- Theocracy
- Dynasty
- Mandate of Heaven
- Social inequality
- Social stratification
- Social status
- Hierarchy
- Monotheism
- Polytheism
- Divine
- Codification
- Karma
- Dharma
- Deity
- Ethnic
- Caste
- Enlightenment
- Philosophy
- Religion
- Reincarnation
- Nirvana
- Filial Piety
- Conversion (religious)
- Religious toleration
- Classical Era
- Continuity
- Empire
- Conquest
- Cultural Diffusion
- Cultural Assimilation
- Cultural Continuity
- Satrap
- Satrapies
- Corruption
- Subordination
- Centralized (state)
- Decentralized
- Foreign
- Isolation
- Monarchy
- Oligarchy
- Democracy
- Hellenistic
- Innovation
- Contribution
- Advancement
- Forced labor
- Silk Road
- Multiethnic
- Pantheon
- Deposition
- Homo Sapiens: Modern Humans
- Paleolithic: “Old stone age, 1^st and longest time period in human history, humans survived in egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies.
- Migration: When someone/something leaves one region for another, typically for food or weather reasons
- Egalitarian: Equal
- Nomadic: Constantly moving
- Hunter-forager: Also, hunter-gatherer, someone that hunts and gathers.
- Neolithic: New Stone Age, after Paleolithic era, humans began to domesticate plants and animals.
- Domestication: when a plant or animal is tamed, usually by humans
- Surplus: Abundance of a resource, whether it’s food or something else
- Agriculture: Farming
- Agrarian: Farming (another word for Agriculture)
- Sedentary: Staying in one place
- Pastoralism: Groups of nomadic peoples who depend on domesticated livestock (like horses) and migrate in an established territory to find pastures for their animals
- Specialization of labor: Division of labor, people having different jobs
- Metallurgy: Creation of metal tools
- Patriarchy: Male dominated society
- Civilization: Complex society that exist within a city
- Cause: When something leads to another
- Effect: What happens from something
- Class: A spot society ranks others based on wealth, jobs, etc.
- Class divisions: When people are divided by their class.
- Elite: High ranking individuals, typically control a lot of wealth or land
- Nobility: High ranked members of society, typically own land
- Aristocracy: Govt. where the landowners control the government
- City-State: A city that operates as a independent nation
- Theocracy: A religious government
- Dynasty: When one family rules a region for many years
- Mandate of Heaven: divine justification to rule China, created during the Zhou Dynasty
- Social inequality: When people are treated based on class/job/wealth.
- Social stratification: When people are ranked/treated based on class/job/wealth.
- Social status: What comes from social classes (power, privilege, etc)
- Hierarchy: Rank of people, usually connected to social classes
- Monotheism: Belief in one God
- Polytheism: Belief in many gods
- Divine: Holy, comes from God, is referring to God
- Codification: To write
- Karma: Sum of your deeds, connected to Hinduism, Caste System and Reincarnation Cycle
- Dharma: Your Caste obligations (what you have to do) connected to reincarnation cycle for Hinduism
- Deity: God
- Ethnic: Someone’s cultural background, the population/subgroup one is a part of
- Cast: Social class for Hinduism
- Enlightenment: When you have reached spiritual perfection
- Philosophy: A way of life, also known as a study of general and fundamental questions regarding life and existence
- Religion: A set of beliefs usually connected to a God or a prophet
- Reincarnation: Belief that after one die, their soul will be reborn into a new body
- Nirvana: When you reach spiritual enlightenment in Buddhism
- Filial Piety: Ancestor worship, usually connected to Chinese society.
- Conversion (religious): Changing your perspective in regards with religion and believing in a new one
- Religious toleration: Accepting of other

people religion’s despite it not being your own

- Classical Era: A time period in history connected to the rise of Persia, Greece and Rome.
- Continuity: When something stays similar or the same for a long period of time
- Empire: When one govt., kingdom, ruler, etc. rules a vast amount of land, made up of several different groups of people and kingdoms
- Conquest: When someone takes land/resources from another
- Cultural Diffusion: When two cultures merge together to create a new culture.
- Cultural Assimilation: When one culture takes from another culture and adds it to themselves.
- Cultural Continuity: When one’s culture stays the same or doesn’t change after a long period of time.
- Satrap: Persian governor
- Satrapies: Persian provinces
- Corruption: dishonest or fake conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery
- Subordination: When someone is underneath someone else, ex: a slave is subordinate to the king
- Centralized (state): When a country is united, one singular voice controlling the nation.
- Decentralized: When a country is divided, many voices controlling many different aspects of the nation
- Foreign: of, from, in, or characteristic of a country or language other than one’s own
- Isolation: When one is cut off, willingly or forced, from others
- Monarchy: a govt. where one man/woman rules
- Pantheon: all the gods in a particular religion
- Multiethnic: Many cultures (for example, the Persian Empire and Roman Empire each had people of many different cultures in their empires, so both were multiethnic empires.)
- Oligarchy: A govt. where a small group, typically elders, rule the govt.
- Democracy: Govt. in which all citizens have a say in govt.
- Hellenistic: Greek like, referring to a time period in which Greek culture was diffused with Persian, Egyptian and Indian culture.
- Innovation: Advancement in technology
- Contribution: Addition to society/technology
- Advancement: Growth, improvement of something
- Forced labor: People forced to do work, typically without pay.
- Silk Road: A trade route connecting China to Rome, first trade route to travel across Eurasia.
- Deposition: to overthrow a ruler
- Irrigation: Water used for farming

Section 2: Understanding Major Religions

To be successful, you should know the major beliefs and practices of each of the following major religions and philosophies. You should know where they began, when they started, how they formed, how they spread and changed (if applicable), and why they are significant. You should also be able to compare beliefs and practices. Also included in this section are some additional “need to know” essential ideas for each in baby bullets. By using the study chart below, you should be able to figure which religions you know and don’t know by answering those questions.

Directions: Highlight any concept you cannot define, think of an example for, or teach. Plan on when and how you will return to study them. Use the study chart below to help you study.

- Hinduism
  - Reincarnation Cycle
  - How caste is determined
  - Caste and Dharma responsibilities
  - Codification
- Buddhism
  - Spread and diffusion.
  - Four Noble Truths
  - Appeal from women and poor
- Confucianism
  - Influence on social order and social classes
  - Emphasis on education and inspiration for Civil Service Exam
- Daoism
  - Harmony with Nature
- Legalism
  - Obedience to Authority
- Zoroastrianism
  - Influence on other monotheistic religions
  - Effects on Persian society
- Judaism
  - Ethical Monotheism
  - Prophets and the Torah (Hebrew Bible)
  - Diaspora
- Christianity
  - Views of Jesus
  - Appeal from lower classes
- Cross Comparisons
  - Views of afterlife
  - Diffusion and spread.
  - Goals for society
  - Behavior and moral codes
  - Connection to certain civilizations
  - Establishment or removal of social hierarchies due to the use of some religious/philosophical traditions
  - Changes to the status of women

Study Chart

Topic	Where was the religion created?	What is the time period?	What are major beliefs?	What impacts did this civ. Have?	How do they compare with others?
Hinduism	India.	When the Aryans migrated, they adapted with the natives which led to the creation of Hinduism	Reincarnation cycle, Caste System, Polytheism, oldest codified religion.	Social structure in India, led to the creation of Jainism.	Buddhism and Jainism believe in equality, while Hinduism’s Caste system does not.
Buddhism	India.	Around 500 BCE, when Hinduism’s Caste System was more rigid and after the Buddha suffered the four forms of suffering	Reincarnation, social equality, 4 noble truths, Middle Way	Provided women a chance to escape patriarchy, used under the Maurya Empire
Daoism	China	During the Warring States Period	People don’t understand their action have consequences, follow example of nature, be satisfied with what you have and don’t chase your ambitions.	This religion doesn’t make a major impact.
Legalism	China	During the Warring States Period	People can’t be trusted to do the right thing without clear laws and harsh punishments. Complete obedience to the government.	Apart of the Qin Dynasty, still apart of China’s culture to this day

Confucianism	China	During the Warring States Period	Society is a web of relationship, each relationship has a superior and inferior, society functions when people show respect to each other.	Apart of the Civil Service Exam, used by most Chinese Dynasties, re- establishes social hierarchy
Zoroastrianism	Persia	Around the rise of the Persian Empire	No slavery, monotheistic religion, belief in a judgment day, battle between forces of good and evil	Apart of the Persian Empire, banned slavery in Persia. Influenced Judaism.
Judaism	Middle East, Levant region	During the time of the Neo- Babylonian Empire and the New Kingdom of Egypt	Monotheistic religion, covenant	Influenced Islam and Christianity
Christianity	Middle East, Levant region	During the beginning of the Pax Romana	Monotheistic religion, belief in Jesus as the Messiah and son of God, social equality	Official religion of Rome. Provides women a chance to escape Patriarchy with Monasticism

Section 3: Understanding Civilizations, Empires, and Eras

To be successful, you should have a firm understanding of the characteristics of each human era, civilization, or empire. You should be able to identify geographical regions of these civilizations, the general time period for each, know major contributions, effects/impacts they had, and understand why they declined. There will be a particularly large emphasis on comparing different civilizations, empires and time periods. It is essential you are able to compare these. Also included in this section are some additional “need to know” essential ideas for each in baby bullets. By using the study chart below, you should be able to figure which civilizations you know and don’t know by answering those questions.

Directions: Highlight any content you cannot define, think of an example for, or teach. Plan on when and how you will return to study them. Use the study chart below to help you study.

- Paleolithic Era
  - Africa origins
  - Identifying early human migration
  - Domestication of Fire
  - Egalitarian societies
  - How Paleolithic people altered the environment.
  - Complex social interactions (oral traditions, funerary practices, etc)
- Neolithic Era
  - Cause of Agricultural (Neolithic) Revolution
  - Geography of river valleys
  - Fertile Crescent
  - Effects of Agriculture and Domestication
  - Use of metal tools/metallurgy
  - Changes in women’s roles from Paleolithic societies
  - Pastoralism and its effects
- Mesopotamia/Sumer/Babylon
  - Code of Hammurabi
  - Purpose of written language
  - Views of afterlife and geographical basis for why
- Ancient Egypt
  - Religious rule/establishment of a theocracy
  - Purpose of written language
  - Views of afterlife and geographical basis for why
- Indus Valley
  - Advanced city planning
  - Plumbing/Drainage system and geographical basis for why
  - Aryan migrations
- Ancient China
  - Cultural Continuity and geographical basis for why
  - Establishment of dynastic cycle and Mandate of Heaven
  - Causes for the establishment of an aristocracy.
- Mauryan Empire
  - Ashoka’s conversion and effects
- Gupta Empire
  - Type of government
  - Art and architecture examples
  - Major innovations/achievements in math, medicine, and science
- Qin Dynasty
  - Emperor Qin/Shi Huangdi’s policies and philosophy
- Han Dynasty
  - Civil Service Exam System: its influences and effects
- Persian Empire
  - Government structure
  - Use of bureaucracy
  - Effects of the Royal Road
  - Cyrus the Great and effects of his policies
  - Causes for the lack of slavery/forced labor.
  - Effects of cultural assimilation
- Greece
  - Type of governments
  - Geography
  - Sparta vs Athens
  - Reasons for the lack of centralized government between city-states
  - Causes for slavery/forced labor.
  - Democracy: its intention and its limits
  - Art and architecture examples
  - Alexander the Great’s conquests
  - Hellenistic era/culture causes and effects.
- Rome
  - Government structure (Republic vs Empire)
  - Use of bureaucracy
  - Reasons for fall
  - Shared reasons for fall with other Classical Era civilizations.
  - Constantine’s conversion and effects
  - Effects of cultural assimilation
  - Negative effects of the use of slavery
  - Rome vs Byzantine Empire
- Cross Comparison of Civilizations
  - Difference between Paleolithic and Neolithic Era
  - Law codes
  - Government systems
  - Centralized vs Decentralized governments
  - Family structures
  - Views of women
  - Use of slaves/forced labor.
  - Geography
  - What led to their collapses?

Study Chart:

Topic	What is the geographical region?	What is the time period?	What are major contributions?	What impacts did this civ. Have?	Why did they decline?	How do they compare with others?
Mesopotamia	Middle East,	Bronze	Writing, Code	It was the first	Due to lack of	They
	in between	Age	of Hammurabi	civilization in	natural	possess a
	Euphrates and	(3500		human history,	barriers,	unique
	Tigris River.	BCE)		created the first	Mesopotamia	perspective
				writing system	could be	on their
				and code of	invaded and	religion and
				law.	conquered by	government
					their	, for most of
					neighbors.	their
						history,
						they were
						independent
						city states.
Egypt	North Africa.	Bronze	Writing,	Created a large	Due to
		Age (Old	Pyramids,	empire, created	invasions from
		Kingdom	Valley of	the pyramids	technologically
		3100	Kings		superior
		BCE,			opponents
		New
		Kingdom
		1550
		BCE)
Indus Valley	India.	Bronze	Writing system	Created several	We aren’t sure
		Age	(still	advanced cities	what caused
		(3300	undeciphered),	across the	their decline
		BCE)	high degree of	Indus River
			standardization	Valley
			, urban
			planning,
			advanced
			drainage
			system
Shang	China.	Bronze	Oracle Bones	First	Overthrew by
Dynasty		Age	(Writing	documented	the Zhou
		(1600	system),	Chinese	Dynasty
		BCE)	elaborate	civilization
			burials, best
			bronze
			metallurgy in
			the Bronze Era

Zhou Dynasty	China	Bronze Age (1046 BCE)	Mandate of Heaven	Created Mandate of Heaven	Fell apart due to regional governors’ rising powers
Qin Dynasty	China.	Classical Era, After warring states period (221 BCE)	Legalist policies, Terracotta Army	Won the Warring States Period, started working on the Great Wall of China	Overthrown due legalist policies, Han Dynasty takes over
Han Dynasty	China.	Classical Era, after warring states period (206 BCE)	Silk Road, Civil Service Exam, worked on the Great Wall	Golden age for China, used Confucianism, created Civil Service Exam and the Silk Road	Invasion from pastoral groups and internal conflicts
Maurya Empire	India.	Classical Era, after the fall of the Greek Empire (Around 300 BCE)	Buddhism, Ashoka, first to unify Indus and Ganges River Valleys	Spread Buddhism across Southeast Asia	After Ashoka, the empire fell apart.
Gupta Empire	India.	Classical era, (320 CE)	Golden Age for Art, Architecture, Math, and Science	Promoted Hinduism, created Decimal System, concept of Zero	Invasion from nomadic groups and internal conflicts
Persia	Middle East, in-between Mesopotamia and India.	Classical Era, (550 BCE)	Freed Jews from slavery, first empire to control Egypt, Mesopotamia and India’s river valleys at the same time	Spread of Zoroastrianism , promoted religious tolerance and cultural assimilation across their empire	Greek invasion

Greece	South-East Europe, next to Egypt and Turkey	Classical Era, (Around 500 BCE)	Creation of Democracy, Hellenistic Era	Beat and conquered the Persian Empire, the concept of citizens	Death of Alexander the Great led to the empire breaking up
Rome	Europe, in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea.	Classical Era, around 500 BCE	First and only civilization to conquer all of the Mediterranean Sea, created the concept of Republic	Spread of Latin and foundation of Western alphabet, establishment of roads across Europe	Numerous civil wars, political instability and inability to defend their borders

Home

Social Studies

World History Ancient Societies

23-24 6th Grade Pre-comp study guide Answer Key-1 (3) Study NOTE CARDS

PRE-COMPREHENSIVE

STUDY GUIDE

2023-2024

BASIS Cedar Park

Ms. Chatterjee

History-6