Chapter points:

• two types of sentences

• the particle إِنَّ

• the particle لََعَلَّ

• the word ذو

• the word أَمْ

• the words مائة and ألف

• the word غالٍ

Types of sentences

الجُمْلَة الاِسْمِيَّة - Nominal sentence

Nominal sentences begin with a noun (اِسْم)

Example:

الدرس سهل → The lesson is easy

starts with a noun - الدرس

A nominal sentence has two parts: المُبْتَدَأ (mubtada) and خَبَرَ(khabar)

mubtada is the subject (a noun or اِسْم) and khabar is the predicate/verb

الجملة الفعلية - Verbal Sentence

Verbal sentences start with a verb (الفعل)

Example:

خرج بلال → Bilal went out

starts with a verb - خرج

The Particle إِنَّ

إِنَّ - indeed/ no doubt; signifies emphasis

إِنَّ: accusative particle

nouns after إِنَّ are in the accusative case and are mansub (fatha)

Sentences with إِنَّ are made up of ismu inna and khabaru inna

Example:

إِنَّ الكتاب سهل → Indeed the book is easy (or the book is easy but emphasizing this)

إِنَّ الكتاب - ismu inna

سهل - khabaru inna

The Particle لََعَلَّ

لََعَلَّ - signifies hope or fear

لََعَلَّ acts the same as إِنَّ (gramatically) and is known as one of the “sisters of إِنَّ”

Example:

لََعَلَّ الجوّ جميل → I hope the weather is fine

لََعَلَّ المدرسَ مريض → I’m afraid the teacher is sick

The word ذو

ذو - having or possessing

ذو is mudaf and the word following is mudaf ilayhi (the thing possessed)

the following word is majrur (kasra/kasratain)

Examples:

ذو مالٍ → possessing wealth

ذو خولقٍ → having manners (well-mannered)

masculine plural: ذوُو

feminine: ذاتُ

feminine plural: ذوَاتُ

Examples:

هؤلاء الأطباء ذوُو خلقٍ → These doctors have manners

هؤلاء طبيبات ذوَاتُ خلقٍ → These doctors (female) have manners

هؤلاء طبيبة ذاتُ خلقٍ → This doctor (female) has manners

The word أَمْ

أَمْ → or

Only used in interoggative sentences

Example:

أَطبيب انت ام مهندس؟ → Are you a doctor or an engineer?

أَ precedes the first option (طبيب) and ام precedes the second (مهندس)

In non-interogative sentences أَوْ is used:

خذ هذا أو ذاك → Take this or that

The words مائة and ألف

مِائةٌ - hundred

أَلفٌ - thousand

the alif in مِائةٌ is not pronounced

Examples:

مائة كتابٍ → one hundred books

ألف كتابٍ → one thousand books

مائة امرأةٍ → one hundred women

ألف مسلمةٍ → one thousand muslims (female)

madud(thing counted) is singular and majrur

The word غالٍ

غالٍ - expensive

Example:

هذا الكتاب غالٍ → This book is expensive

Even though it has kasratain, غالٍ is not in majrur form. The original form of غالٍ is غاليٌ but the letter ya is omitted and the tanween is transferred to the letter lam.

Similar examples:

أنا محامٍ → I am a lawyer

هو قاضٍ → He is a judge

Vocabulary:

مُهْجَعٌ : dorm/hostel

كَوْكَبٌ : star

فَرِيقٌ : team

شَقِيْقٌ : full brother

في النَائِمْ : in dream

نَافِذَةٌ : window

نَوَافِذُ : windows

سِنٌّ : age

شَهْرُ : month

لَاعِبٌ : player

وَاسِعٌ : spacious

شَهِيْرٌ : famous

ثَمَنٌ : price

كَسْلَى : lazy(fem.)