who invented the microscope? Leeuwenhoek

Who first identified cells? Robert Hooke

three major principles of cell theory? 1. all living things are composed of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of life 3. all cells come from preexisting cells

three major characteristics of prokaryotic cells? 1. no nucleus 2. unicellular 3. no membrane-bound organelles

three major characteristics of eukaryotic cells? 1. nucleus 2. uni/multicellular 3. membrane-bound organelles

which organelle creates energy? mitochondria

which organelle creates proteins? rough ER

which organelle processes proteins? golgi apparatus

which organelle is criss-cross and supports the inside of the cell? cytoskeleton

which organelle processes sunlight into sugar? chloroplast

what organelle is the fluid found in all cells? cytoplasm

which organelle holds DNA? nucleus

what organelle provides rigid cell structure? cell wall

what organelle has protein synthesis? rough ER

which organelle makes lipids? smooth ER

which organelle makes ribosomes? nucleolus

which organelle carries parts from one cell to another? ER

which organelle is a sac with fluid in it? vacuole

What is the endosymbiotic theory? explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells

what stabilizes lipid tails and prevents them from sticking together? cholesterol

what provides passage across membranes? protein

what allows cell to cell recognition? carbohydrates

What model have scientists developed to describe the arrangement of molecules that make up a cell membrane? fluid mosaic model

what part of a phospholipid is polar/hydrophilic? phosphate head

what part of a phospholipid is nonpolar/hydrophobic? lipid tails

what is selective permeability and semi-permeability do? controls what goes in and out of cell

what is a concentration gradient? the difference in concentration between two areas

what is the movement of molecules from high to low? diffusion

what is the diffusion of water called? osmosis

what is diffusion that requires the use of a channel or a carrier protein called? facilitated diffusion

what is passive transport? movement of molecules without usage of energy

what is isotonic? solutions of equal concentration

what is hypertonic? solutions that have a higher concentration of solutes than a cell does what is hypotonic? solutions that have a lower concentration of solutes than a cell does what is active transport? movement of molecules from low to high concentration with the usage of energy

what is turgid? when the water in a cell swells up

what is plasmolysis? shrinking of cytoplasm due to outward osmotic flow of water

what is cytolysis? bursting of cell membrane when a cell cant hold the excessive amount of water

What is phagocytosis? takes in solid food particles

what is pinocytosis? takes in dissolved substances in liquid form

what is endocytosis? process by which the cell takes in materials that are too large to pass through

what is exocytosis? materials are exported out of the cell

what doesn't move across a cell membrane? solutes

what type of transport is diffusion and osmosis? passive transport

what type of transport is endocytosis and exocytosis? active transport

who first labeled animal cells? schleiden

who first labeled plant cells? schwann

who said that all cells come from preexisting cells? virchow

what is an eyepiece? a viewing lens, ocular

what is the arm? thing to hold microscope what are objective lenses? different lenses to see different ways from slide

what is the stage? where slider will be placed

what is a condenser lens? focuses light onto specimen

what is a light source? light passes through to give light

what are stage knobs? moves stage side to side, doesn't adjust focus

what is coarse focus? raises and lowers stage, big movement

what is fine focus? raises and lowers stage, small movement

what is the base? thing to hold microscope