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church of rome
fill in the blank
in the early years of Christianity, the _______ ____ ______ was the most influential church
irenaeus
declared all Christian churches must agree with the Church of Rome
bishop
the “pastor” or “overseer” of each church; Rome was the largest church, so their ______ was the most powerful leader
apostles
fill in the blank
apostolic succession
Christ appointed __________ to lead the church
bishops
Christ
two answer fill in the blank
apostles appointed ________ to rule after them; they forgot ________ is the Head of the Church
apostolic succession
Christ appointed apostles to lead the church, but apostles appointed bishops to rule after them; they forgot Christ is the Head of the Church
petrine theory
peter was the first bishop of the Roman Church
pope
fill in the blank
the petrine theory evolved into the position of ______ (“papa'', “father”)
parishes
dioceses
two answer fill in the blank
land under the control of the Roman Church was divided into __________ and ___________ controlled by priests or bishops
leo I
first recognized official pope of the Roman Catholic Church
gelasius
created the Doctrine of the Two Swords (government rules over civil issues, the church rules over religious issues)
doctrine of two swords
government rules over civil issues, the church rules over religious issues
gregory I
first medieval pope; more powerful than any political leader in europe
sacraments
seven religious action that provide salvation and “conveyed grace” to Catholics
excommunication
being cut off from the sacraments
transubstantiation
the belief that Eucharist turns into the body and blood of Jesus Christ
relics
supposed pieces of holy objects (Jesus’s cross, crown, etc.)
saints
apostles and other holy leaders from history in the Catholic church
indulgences
certificates from the pope that decreased the punishment for sin; decreased the time spent in purgatory
Bible
fill in the blank
writings of pope and other leaders had the same authority as the ______ (Latin Vulgate)
authority
fill in the blank
the Bible lost Its __________
council of toulouse
owning a Bible almost completely banned
john wycliffe
translated the Bible from Latin into English (copies were hand written)
peter waldo
translated the Bible to French (the people of the Alps)
monasticism
withdrawing from society and living in solitude to be free from sin
monks
men who practiced monasticism
nuns
women who practiced monasticism
hermits
monks who lived completely alone
monasteries
homes were monks lived
convents
homes where nuns lived
orders
rigid rules of the monastery
abbot
head of the monastery
friars
missionary monks who preached and worked outside the monasteries
franciscans
dominicans
the two most prominent orders of friars