Tags & Description
Epic of Gilgamesh was written in what form?
Cuneiform
Where does The Epic of Gilgamesh take place? Where were the tablets located?
Uruk and Assyria
What is the oldest known written story? And Where is this work from?
The Epic of Gilgamesh; Ancient Mesopotamia - “the cradle of civilization”
EOG
8000 BCE
Agricultural communities form
EOG
6000 BCE
Irrigation allowed development of cities and city states
EOG
3600 BCE
Human began to write in pictographs
EOG
2700 BCE
King Gilgamesh was listen on a cuneiform tablet
EOG
2600 BCE
Gilgamesh appears on list of gods
EOG
2100 BCE
oldest known copy of a poem about Gilgamesh
EOG
1200-1100 BCE
Best version of epic edited by Sin-lique-Uhninni in Akkadian, 12 tablets, each with 1 episode
EOG
668 BCE
King Ashurbanipal created library at Nineveh
EOG
627 BCE
Nineveh falls - library sacked, Akkadia begins to die out
EOG
500-200 BCE
Cuneiform begins to die out, but bits of Gilgamesh story remain from writing practice tablets
EOG
1840s CE
Archeologist dig Ashburbanipal’s library, clay tablets transported to British Museum
EOG
1872 CE
George Smith translated Gilgamesh tablets, uproar ensues
2015 CE
20 new lines are found on this tablet in Kurdistan
Epic of Gilgamesh Plot Summary
Enkidu thinks the journey it too dangerous while Gilgamesh wants glory
Battle with Humbaba, they win with help from Shamash, the sun god
Humbaba pleads for his live and offers to serve Gilgamesh but Enkidu is insulted by him
Enkidu convinces Gilgamesh to kill Humbaba
Kill Humbaba together
Forest starts trembling and Gilgamesh and Enkidu cut down trees
Enlil curses them
They made a gate with the wood they cut
Ishtar, the goddess of love, falls for Gilgamesh but is turned down
Asks her father, Anu - god of the sky, to send Bull of Heaven as punishment
Bull comes and brings 7 years of famine - E and G kill the Bull
Gods meet and decide one of E and G must be punished - Enkidu must die
Enkidu i’s plagued with visions of the underworld and tells Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh mourns then sets out to find Utnapishtim
Gets to Mashu and pleads with two scoprion monsters to allow him in
Meets Siduri and she tells him that he should be satisfied with the pleasures of this world
Directs him to Urshanabi, the ferryman, who takes Gilgamesh across the waters of death to Ut.
Ut tells the story of the flood
How Ea told him to make a boat and bring his family and each of life
Ut says if he can stay away for a week he will be rewarded with immortality
Ut’s wife tells of a plant that restores youth, Gilg wants to bring back for the elders
Find the plant but is stolen by a serpent
Gilgamesh
King of Uruk - stongest of men, 2/3 god and 1/3 mortal
Enkidu
Raised by animals but domesticated and became companion of Gilgamesh
Utnapishtim
King and Priest of Shurrupak, “He Who Saw Life”, survived the flood
EOG
Architypes:
Epic Hero
Direct Characterization
When author tells you blankly
Indirect Characterization
When you rely on situations and others opinions and interactions to form character
Epic Hero Archetype
Born to greatness
Extraordinary powers
Flaw of Weakness
Foolish or Dangerous Battles
Epic Hero Journey Archetype
Event sparks quest
Undergoes test of abilities
Acquires companion
Visits underworld or supernatural world
Acquires a mentor
Experiences with good and evil women
Low point or fails at quest
The great battle of good and evil
Regains rightful place/ Triumphant return
Something more important than the original goal
The Genesis influenced what 3 Major Religions?
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Author of Bible
Unknown
Inspiration for Genesis
Moses wrote 1st five, King David - Psalms
What was noticed in the 19th century about the Hebrew Bible and what does this mean?
Different styles of writing - different authors
Torah dates to _______ the most recent is ______ BC
10th century BC and 5th century BC
Archetypal Settings
Light and Dark - Universe consisting of oppositesParadise/ Garden of Eden
Common Themes is 2 Creation Stories
God punishes bad behaviour and god has ultimate power over life and death
Genesis offers etiological explanations of . . .
the creation of the world and its inhabitants, the origin of death, fear and hatred of snakes and the pains of childbirth
Traditional Interpretation of “David and Goliath”
denoting an underdog situation, a contest where a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary; if successful, the underdog may win in an unusual or surprising way.
Gladwell’s Interpretation of “David and Goliath”
David wasn’t truly an underdog but Goliath was as Gladwell believed Goliath had acromegaly and the sling was much more deadly than a man
David and Goliath Archetypes
The Underdog
Oedipus
King of Thebes, solves Sphinx’s riddle, married to Jocasta (his mom). Wants to avoid his fate of killing his dad and marrying his mom. Smart, strong
Jocasta
She wants to avoid her fate and protect him from it aswell and to find who killed her husband.
Tiresias
Blind prophet, tells O he is the murderer
Creon
Jocasta’s brother, get power over Thebes
Polybus and Merope
Oedipus’ adoptive parents
Oediupus - Chorus
Elders of Thebes, how the audience should react
Characteristics of Greek Tragedies
Play that shows downfall or death of main character
Plays were made of up…
all male cast, masks, 12-15 men in chorus, 3 speaking actors
Oedipus the King - ____ BCE
Oedipus at Colonus - ____ BCE
Antigone - ____ BCE
430, 406, 440
Dramatic Irony
When audience knows more than the character
Situational Irony
When there is a difference between what is expected to happen and what actually happens ex. Firehouse burning down
Oedipus the King Motifs
Birds, Knowledge, Fertility, Eyes, Sight, Feet, Fire
Oedipus the King Themes
Fate vs. Free Will
Sight vs. Blindness
Oedipus the King Plot Summary
O leaves to avoid fate
Kills man who ran him off the road (dad)
Solves riddle of the Sphinx
Marries Jocasta
Puts curse on murderer of Laius
Sets out to find killer
Teuresias accuses O
O and Creon fight and J breaks it up
Messenger tells O that Polybus is not his read dad
Stories from Herdsman and Messenger
Jocasta kills herself and O blinds himself
O asks for exile and he leaves and lifts plague
In the Pursuit of Unhappiness
Can’t reach happiness when striving for it, uses Thomas Carlyle quotes and references past to build an argument
Logos
Logic, stats, data
Pathos
Emotion
Ethos
Author’s credibility
Kairos
timeliness
Virgil - **BCE; Farm confincated by who? Returned by ?
70-19 BCE; Confiscated by Marc Antony and returned by Octavian
Goal of Aeneid
National epic for patriotism, origin story of Roman Empire
Process took __ years.
11 and was left unfinished and “imperfect” but saved by Caesar
What is considered the greatest literary work of all time
The Aeneid
What is the Aeneid based on?
First six books are based on Odyssey
Last 6 are based on Illiad
Aeneid Plot Summary
Book IV:
Dido falls to Aeneas and marries in cave… Aeneas leave and Dido kills herself.
Book VI:
Makes Temple of Apollo Goes to underworld to visit dad, sees Dido. Dad answers his question and tells him the future of Rome
Tenor
the subject of the metaphor and its intended meaning
Vehicle
the language used to described the tenor
Ground
the relationship between the tenor and the vehicle
Omar
poet, scientist, mathematician, philosopher, hisorian, scholar of law, astronomy, and inventor of Persian calender
Rubaiyat common themes
life, live in present, living with uncertainty
Rubaiyat Written in what?
4 lines (quatrain)
Rumi Nicknamed after what? What is his original name
after the word for the region in which his family settled; Jalal ad-Din
What was his job and what did he found?
Sufi master; founded Sufi order “Whirling Dervishes”
Mashavi showed aspects of . . .
Sufism in Rumi’s era
What is Rumi and “Mashavi” considered?
One of the finest Persian mystical poets and finest poets of the world; Most important Sufi works ever written
Analogy
Compares relationship in metaphor --- multiple parts
Direct Metaphor
Both parts given to us
Indirect Metaphor
given only what it is being compared to
Rumi Themes
Longing for union with God
Fisherman
Humble and smart, cunning
King Yunan
Arrogant and Gullible
Sindbad
(and Falcon) quick tempered
1001 Nights Morals
Don’t abuse your power over others
Don’t hurt other because you have been hurt
In text citation for quote
(Author’s name, Page Number)
MLA Citation
Name. “Title” Container. Published Date. URL.